Beginning Spanish ¡Empecemos por aquí!

Module B: Activism  • 505 3. Finally, add the appropriate endings according to the chart below. -ar verbs -er and -ir verbs Yo -e -a Tú -es -as Ella, él, usted -e -a Nosotras, nosotros -emos -amos Ellas, ellos, ustedes -en -an For vos, use -és and -ás . For vosotros, use -eis and -ais . Those endings might look backward from what we would expect for -ar versus -er and -ir verbs, but that is not a typo. One expression that always triggers subjunctive is para que (so that). We will take advantage of the simplicity of this rule in order to give some context to our examples here. We work extra so that our daughter can take piano lessons. Trabajamos extra para que nuestra hija pueda tomar lecciones de piano. ( poder → puedo → pued-→ pueda) He lives in a small apartment so that his parents don’t stay there. Vive en un apartamento pequeño para que sus papás no se queden allí. ( quedar → quedo → qued-→ queden) I give you the instructions so that you don’t have problems. Te doy las instrucciones para que no tengas problemas. ( tener → tengo → teng-→ tengas) Stem-changing -ar and -er verbs follow the same stem-changing pattern in the subjunctive, with changes for every form except nosotros . Stem-changing -ir verbs are trickier and also have a change in the nosotros form: Pensar Querer Dormir Decir Yo Piense Quiera Duerma Diga Tú Pienses Quieras Duermas Digas Ella, él, usted Piense Quiera Duerma Diga Nosotros, nosotras Pensemos Queramos Durmamos Digamos Ellas, ellos, ustedes Piensen Quieran Duerman Digan Note that the first transformation is to drop the -o from the present indicative yo form. This means that many “irregularities” are caught during the very first step. But what if the yo form does not end in -o ? If this is the case, then we have a verb with an irregular subjunctive form. Here are some of the most common ones, along with their full subjunctive conjugations in the present: