The second strategy employed a combination of shading, lighting and insulating techniques to reduce energy demand. A major design problem was regulating the sun's heat; allowing it to penetrate the building in winter and eliminating it in summer. On the south facade this is simply achieved by trellis projections which shade the high summer sun but don't obscure the low winter sun. The east and west shading is more difficult because the sun's angle is nearly a perpendicular to the windows morning and afternoon year 'round. Rather than permanently obscure the view out of these windows, fabric shades were designed to protect the window when necessary and roll up when no longer needed. As well as preserving the views east and west, the shades add color and lightness to the building's interior. • Another important energy conserving strategy is a more efficient interior lighting design achieved by a combination of task lighting and low level ambient lighting averaging about two watts a square foot. Most traditional office designs consume between four and six watts per square foot. In Site 1, the artificial lighting is supplemented by natural daylight. Simple reflective venetian blinds in clerestorys are used to cut out the unwanted light, which often becomes a source of glare, while casting indirect, useful light onto the ceiling. Finally, energy demand is reduced by better insulation throughout the building and double-glazed windows in all exterior walls. The final strategy employs a large central atrium which is used simultaneously as a vestibule, a preheater and cooler for building ventilation, a light source, a focus for clear building circulation, and a dining and resting place. The atrium's temperature is controlled by adjusting the amount of direct sunlight entering the skylights with its operable louvers, or by using night air to cool its mass. Its four levels of balconies provide an interesting and pleasant circulation, an alternative to the gloomy, often labyrinthine corridors of most state office buildings. At the same time the atrium provides daylighting and views for the interior offices, it affords space for dining, gatherings and special events. The functioning of such as atrium space perhaps best exemplifies the goals of environmental design. It integrates many user amenities, provides a focus to the building and conserves energy. The integration of multiple concerns is the primary objective of good design, and no design option should be considered, no matter how energy efficient, if it forces the subjugation of user needs or even pleasures to the latest technological fad. Solar design can result in architecture which is just as oppressive and monumental as most high rise monoliths if it is considered an end in itself. As with any conceptual system, appropriate technology can obscure the problem with its own abundant solutions. The Site 1 office building responds to a variety of conditions and requirements with what will hopefully be an integrated diversity of solutions. It is this diversity and site-responsiveness which will make energy conserving design produce humane environments. - Peter Calthorpe FEB MAR APR MAY JUN 0 RAIN November 1977 Page 11 V NTILATI N I dee nov oct sep jun may apr feb jan 1000 2000 3000 .JOOO 5000 6000 thfyr HEAT LOSS/HEAT REMOVED FROM BUILDING To offset the heat load in the summer months, night ventilation with the typically cool night air provides for approximately 80 percent of the cooling needs. The cool night coastal breezes provide an appropriate, natural energy sink for absorbing heat from large buildings in Sacramento. AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC DILTRNAL ! h i TEMPERATIJRE I I • CYCLE 1 0 0 :_ .:,.....;,_ 1 ..•...~+..J..++---H>-H-+-r-+-~++++++-I-I-H-+-...+++--t-++-T"-H---i--f--''-,-,,-+,r+-----~....,.....,..""1'""+-r--1--t--._.._~"t"'T-,--........... ~ I , 90 i ! I I I BO : ~µ..+-+-J.+--+-:-+++++++++-++-++---4.....;....+-H+-++irll!IH--1-i--m+e-++-f-f,jft-t-~►+-7+r--+--:-+ I 70 1-+++..J-...;.---........... -+-...+-!--i-++++-+--;1111,.+-'-.-Mi;+---~+...,..+-....... 60 :i ...+-+-~..,..+....+---+-+++-r--jlili;...-+--i-+,! I 50 4-~ilo.J....J-..l.-hlii4-h-l-+ll~+....
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