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pmposting and construction cbnical Bulletin No. 1: arallones Institute, 15290 tal, CA 95465. The plans ts of the privy-design and to you-and can be as elegant s homey as you like. Japaniented to a small garden, atting height that has its Many health departments, used to issuing permits for sewage systems depending upon mechanical equipment for safe operation, raise valid questions about simpler, less costly systems that depend on periodic maintenance by people for safe operation. People, they say, are fallible, and few have the simple skills to manage correctly a compost system. The obvious answer is to give permits to people, not equipment! It's worked well in ensuring minimum skills and safety with automobiles-a much more dangerous situation. All it would mean for sewage systems is that those people who want to install cheaper, peopleoperated systems instead of more conventional ones would have to show they know how to compost! NtJ~tlldNE ~R72V64/T ~Ee~~.z.) K.Amt'l~F/PE i I • l 3/t," ear :;Er1/J 1 /;(Oef,4£ t/dlfl CONVERTING SEPTIC TANKS ~ll. E;W7flt;D ANN{l,\LI..I( IN?TRLJa:. ... __ ) - -~ QJT\.E.T -:. ;_~,;~_ .• ~ >-=---~-- .. • ny of our suburban home septic tank systems can be converted to sewage recycling operaions that can recycle nutrients for agricultural fertilizer. By reducing water use in our homes , y 50% and removing sewage effluent from waste water, such systems can prevent the failure f drain field operation in present home systems. Such failure of disposal systems is increasngly frequent-Lane County, Oregon, classifies 45% of its individual septic tank systems as perating unsatisfactorily, of which 30% were failures causing health hazards. eptic tanks require pumping out every few years for disposal of accumulated sewage sludge, ta cost of $90-$150. Conversion to recycling operation consists first of separating the drain ipes from toilets from those of sinks, tubs and showers. The drainage from sinks and showrs, containing no sewage, bypasses the septic tank and ties directly into the drain field, which ow only has to handle half as much water as previously. The outlet from the septic tank is losed up, converting it into a holding tank for sewage from the toilets, which are replaced ith one of several varieties of low-water use designs depending upon local conditions. The educed water use in the toilets allows the holding tank to serve for longer periods- requiring umping only on a yearly basis. The sludge removed is taken by truck to central processing lants or applied directly to agricultural fields, depending upon conditions and kinds of crops. onversion of existing septic systems to holding tanks is unlikely as long as water costs remain ow and existing systems continue to function properly. As systems age and require replaceent or repair, conversion can prove an economical and effective improvement. Installation f holding tank systems in new residential construction is considerably easier, entails very ittle additional cost, and is likely to become common in new developments. SEWERLESS TOILETS RECYCLING TOILET MANUFACTURERS Many different kinds of water and waste conserving toilet systems are now available. The following sources can give information on equipment, costs, local distributors or construction plans, as appropriate. Squat Toilets Otiang Mai Squatting Plate Mold available from: Village Health and Sanitation Project Ministry of Public Health Bangkok, THAILAND Squat Toilet Plans Farallones Institute 15290 Coleman Valley Road Occidental, CA 95465 Toto Squat Toilet (Flush) Toto Toki Co., Ltd. 458 Shinozaki-machi, Kokura-Ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka-ken, 802 JAPAN Turquo (Flush Squat Toilet) Watcrlo 41, Rue Censier Paris Se, FRANCE Composting Toilets Biomat (same as Mull-Toa) Biomat Enterprises 739 2nd Street Coeur d'Alene, ID 83814 Biu•let Composting Toilet Bio-Utilities, Inc. Box 135 Narberth, PA 19072 Clivus ClivusAB Tohstigen 6 S-13500 Tynesoe, SWEDEN Clivus - U.S. Clivus Multrum, Inc. 14 Eliot Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Eco-House Graham Caine Street Farmhouse Kidbrooke Lane Elthan, London SE9 ENGLAND Ecol Sanitary Unit Minimum Cost Housing Group Brace Research lnstitute McGill University Montreal, CANADA Ecolet Recreation Ecology Conservation of the United States, Inc. 9800 W. Blue Mound Road Milwaukee, WI 53226 Farallones Privy Farallones Institute 15290 Coleman Valley Rd. Occidental, CA 95465 Kern Compost Privy Ken Kern P.O. Box 550 Oakhurst, CA 93664 Mullbank Inventor AB Prastgatan 42 931 00 Ostersund, SWEDEN Multrum Scan Plan 3 Sankt Kjelds Gade DK-2100 Copenhagen DENMARK Mull-Toa Hans Kr. Nielsen Sorkedalsveien 22 Oslo 3, NORWAY Saniterm AB Electrolux Luxbacken 1, 112 62 Stockholm, SWEDEN Toa-Throne Enviroscope Inc. Attention: Lars deJounge P.O. Box 752 Corona del Mar, CA 92625 Biological Toilets Biocycle MK I Biodynamics Ltd. Camac Buildings Ballymount Rd. Clondalkin Co. Dublin, IRELAND Bio-Flo Pure Way Corp. 301 42nd Ave. East Moline, IL 61244 Low-Flush Toilets Microphor Microphor Inc. 415 East San Francisco Ave. Willits, CA 95490 Safeway Safeway Sanitation 75 Argyle Ave. Buffalo, NY 14226 Thetford Thetford Corp. P.O. Box 1285 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Toto Water Saving Toto Toki Co. Ltd. 4S8 Shinozaki-Machi Kokura-Ku Kitakyushu, Fukuoka-Ken 802 JAPAN Water-Saving Toilet American Standard P.O. Box 2003 New Brunswick, NJ 08903 Flush Valve Toilets Cromaglass Cromaglass Corp. Box 1146 Williamsport, PA F1o-Thru On-Site Sewerages, Inc. Box 567 Lafayette, IN 47901 F1ygt Flygt Corp. Box 857 Norwalk, CT 06856 Jet Jct Aeration Corp. 750 Alpha Drive Cleveland, OH 44143 Melanesian Methane Digester George L. Chan University of Papua NEW GUINEA Multi-Flow Multi-Flow Corp. 500 Webster St. Dayton, OH 45401 Nayatic Nayatic Sciences, Inc. Box 869 Valley Forge, PA 19482 Flush valve toilets used in most commercial applications need only one gallon of water per flush instead of 5 gallons needed by residential tank-type toilets. They are, however, much noisier and require WHO Methane Plan~ . high water pressure. Available from World Health Organization most toilet manufacturers. Geneva, SWITZERLAND Holding Tank Toilets Castel Waterlo 41, Rue Ccnsicr Paris 53, FRANCE Caustica 128 Etablisscments P. Mimault 45, Rue du Fort 94400 Vitry Sur-Seine FRANCE Oosenet Standard Etablissement R. Derouineau Moulin de i>elissey 33-Gradignan FRANCE Flush-0-Matic Sanitation Equipment Ltd. Rexdale, Ontario CANADA Head-Mate Wilcox-Crittenden Division 699 Middle St. Middletown, CT 06457 Manoir Waterlo 41, Rue Censier Paris Sc, FRANCE Marine Hand Toilet International Telephone and Telegraph Rexdale, Ontario CANADA OJO 7000 & OJO 7100 Plast AB CIPAX Bredaryd, SWEDEN Turquo Waterlo 41, Rue Censier Paris Se, FRANCE Oil-Flushed Toilets Aqua-Sans Chrysler Corp. Space Division Box 29200 New Orleans, LA 70189 Aqua-Sans Sumitomo Shoji Kaisha Ltd. Tokyo, JAPAN Magic Flush Monogram Sanitation Products, Inc. Box 92545 Los Angeles, CA 90009 Aerobic Tanks Aqua-Robie Waltec Industries Inc. Wallaccburg, Ontario CANADA Bi-A-Ro bi Charles E. Traverse, Jr. Box 133 Hamlin, PA 18427 Bio-Disc Ames-Crosta Mills 105 Brisbane Road Downsview, Ontario CANADA Vacuum Systems Electrolux Vacuum Sewage System Electrolux Environmental Systems Div. 105 45 Stockholm SWEDEN Envirovac Colt Industries 701 Lawton Ave. ~cloit, WI 53511 Sanivac Sanivac Div. National Homes Corp. Lafayette, IN Vacu•Burn Jcred Industries Inc. 1 1300 S. Coolidge Rd. Birmingham, Ml 48008 Vacu-Flush Mansfield Sanitary Inc. Perrysville, OH 44864 Incinerating Toilets Destroilet La Mere Industries, Inc. Walworth, WI 53184 Ecett AB Hakanssons Industrier Box 126 662 00 Amal SWEDEN Elektro Standard AB Box 26 641 00 Katrinehol, SWEDEN Elonette AB Elonette Grevgatan 50 114 58 Stockholm, SWEDEN lncinolet RPMC 2639 Andjon St. Dallas, TX 75220 lncinomode lncinomode Sales Co. Box 879 Sherman, TX 75090 Pyrolet Continental Commerce Ltd. 10721 W. Capitol Drive Milwaukee, WI 53222 Toarett Ageno Producktions AB Knistallvagen 56 126 41 Hagersten, SWEDEN SWEDEN Stop the 5-Gallon Flush, 4th Ed., $2 Canadian from: Minimum Cost Housing Group School of Architecture McGill University P.O. Box 6070 Montreal H3C 3Gl, CANADA The best current source of detailed information on toiletry options- costs, water and electrical use, and construction details. Highly recommended. © April 1976 RAIN Magazine 2270 N.W. Irving, Portland, OR 97210

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