How to be a Successful Organic Chemist

6 I have the temperature of the oven (based on a search I did for similar cakes), I have the sizes of the bowl, and the added clarification to beat in each egg, before adding the next. 1.2. Safety is key: how to find relevant safety information and read Safety Data Sheets Safety is a number one concern for everyone working in a lab. Safety concerns have many different manifestations, and in general, we always work to make everyone as safe as possible by creating a standard procedure for whenever is in the lab. In any given situation in lab (and there are no exceptions), we use the following: 1. Lab goggles. Our eyes are very delicate, and almost all chemicals are detrimental for our eye health. Goggles are worn at all times, and they are never removed in the lab. Goggles must be splash proof, which means that they protect the eyes from multiple angles, should chemicals splash. 2. Lab coat. The coat is the first line of defense against chemicals that may get in contact with us, and the coat also provides a first line of defense for our clothes. 3. Fume-hoods. A fume-hood is a very important part of the lab environment. It is a hood equipped with an adjustable sash, where the air flow inside the hood is very high. This removes any vapors quickly and safely. Everything that you do in an organic chemistry lab, is done in a fume-hood to minimize your exposure to fumes. In many situations, the use of gloves is also appropriate. This is covered in detail in chapter 3. The scary reality of working in a lab is that chemicals are dangerous. All substances have some inherent dangers associated with them, and although we spend our times exposed to many chemicals outside of the lab, the lab is a place where we can expose ourselves to a greater variety of hazardous chemicals. As a base line, we will treat any chemical as dangerous, and the utmost of care should always be taken to ensure that exposure is at a minimum. Because chemicals do vary in terms of their properties and hazards, it is also necessary to know the exact hazards of each chemical. Where should you go to look up, identify and familiarize yourself with this information? The answer is Safety Data Sheets (SDS). SDS are legally required information sheets that provide an overview of the safety and hazards associated with a given chemical or mixture. There may be thousands of data sheets available for any given chemical, so before I move on, I would recommend using Sigma Aldrich as the main supplier of relevant and reliable data sheets. 2 The SDS are compiled by the Globally Harmonized System of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS), an internationally recognized system that standardizes safety and hazard information for chemicals. That means that people from all over the world should be able to access any given SDS and find the same types of information, presented in the same way. Knowing how to work with SDS is essential for anyone working in a laboratory environment, because they contain information on the risks, hazards and safety issues associated with the chemicals in use. SDS give an informed backdrop to the experiment and helps you make safe and good choices when handling chemicals. To contextualize this, just imagine that you were planning to handle a chemical that is explosive in contact with water. Knowing this hazard in advance is obviously key to your safety. On the other hand, what if you were planning to handle a carcinogenic substance (a substance that causes cancer)? You would obviously want to know these risks beforehand so that you could work in the safest way possible. Furthermore, if you ever plan to work in a professional laboratory, consulting SDS will be a very important part of your preparation. 2  The site http://sigmaaldrich.com/ is usually a good starting point. You can search for chemicals by name or structure.