| EmpoWORD:  A Student-Centered Anthology and Handbook for College Writers | 2 | 
    
        | Accessibility Statement | 4 | 
    
        | Accessibility of EmpoWORD | 4 | 
    
        | Multiple File Formats Available | 4 | 
    
        | Organization of content | 4 | 
    
        | Images | 4 | 
    
        | Links | 4 | 
    
        | Font Size and formatting | 4 | 
    
        | Known Issues/Potential barriers to accessibility | 5 | 
    
        | Tables | 5 | 
    
        | Images & Text boxes | 5 | 
    
        | Multimedia | 5 | 
    
        | Front Matter: Table of Contents, How to Use This Book, and General Introduction | 6 | 
    
        | Acknowledgements | 7 | 
    
        | Table of Contents | 8 | 
    
        | Table of Contents – Readings | 9 | 
    
        | How to Use This Book – Instructors | 30 | 
    
        | Student-Centered Writing and Learning Communities | 30 | 
    
        | Rhetorical Situations | 33 | 
    
        | Assignments and Activities | 34 | 
    
        | Navigation | 35 | 
    
        | Feedback | 36 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 36 | 
    
        | How to Use This Book – Students | 37 | 
    
        | Student-Centered Writing and Learning Communities | 37 | 
    
        | Rhetorical Situations | 39 | 
    
        | Navigation | 40 | 
    
        | Feedback | 41 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 41 | 
    
        | General Introduction | 43 | 
    
        | Rhetorical Situations | 45 | 
    
        | Writing as Process | 49 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 51 | 
    
        | Part One Description,  Narration,  and Reflection | 54 | 
    
        | Section Introduction:  Description, Narration, and Reflection | 55 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 55 | 
    
        | Chapter One Describing a Scene or Experience | 57 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 57 | 
    
        | Techniques | 58 | 
    
        | Imagery and Experiential Language | 58 | 
    
        | Thick Description | 59 | 
    
        | Unanticipated and Eye-catching Language | 61 | 
    
        | Activities | 62 | 
    
        | Specificity Taxonomy | 62 | 
    
        | Micro-Ethnography | 63 | 
    
        | Imagery Inventory | 64 | 
    
        | The Dwayne Johnson Activity | 65 | 
    
        | Surprising Yourself: Constraint-Based Scene Description | 66 | 
    
        | Image Builder | 67 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 72 | 
    
        | Innocence Again24F | 72 | 
    
        | Comatose Dreams25F | 75 | 
    
        | The Devil in Green Canyon26F | 76 | 
    
        | Chapter Two: Telling a Story | 82 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 83 | 
    
        | Techniques | 85 | 
    
        | Plot Shapes and Form | 85 | 
    
        | Scope | 85 | 
    
        | Sequence and Pacing | 87 | 
    
        | Point-of-View | 89 | 
    
        | A Non-Comprehensive Breakdown of POV | 90 | 
    
        | Building Characters | 91 | 
    
        | Dialogue33F | 94 | 
    
        | Choosing a Medium | 94 | 
    
        | Video: Storytelling with Robyn Vazquez35F | 95 | 
    
        | Activities | 96 | 
    
        | Idea Generation: What Stories Can I Tell? | 96 | 
    
        | Idea Generation: Mapping an Autobiography | 97 | 
    
        | Experimenting with Voice and Dialogue37F | 100 | 
    
        | The Secret | 100 | 
    
        | The Overheard | 100 | 
    
        | Beyond Words | 101 | 
    
        | Using Images to Tell a Story | 102 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 103 | 
    
        | Under the Knife38F | 103 | 
    
        | Breathing Easy39F | 106 | 
    
        | Visions40F | 109 | 
    
        | Chapter Three:  Reflecting on an Experience | 112 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 113 | 
    
        | Techniques | 113 | 
    
        | “Looking back in order to look forward,”42F  or | 113 | 
    
        | “I wish that I knew what I know now when I was younger”43F | 113 | 
    
        | Wrap-up vs. Weave | 114 | 
    
        | Spelling it Out vs. Implying Meaning | 114 | 
    
        | Activities | 116 | 
    
        | What My Childhood Tastes Like47F | 116 | 
    
        | Reflection as a Rhetorical Gesture | 117 | 
    
        | End-of-Episode Voice-Overs: Reflection in Television Shows | 118 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 119 | 
    
        | Slowing Down49F | 119 | 
    
        | Untitled50F | 122 | 
    
        | Parental Guidance51F | 126 | 
    
        | Assignment: Descriptive Personal Narrative | 129 | 
    
        | Assignment | 129 | 
    
        | Guidelines for Peer Workshop | 132 | 
    
        | One Example of a Peer Workshop Process | 132 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 134 | 
    
        | The Pot Calling the Kettle Black…52F | 134 | 
    
        | All Quiet53F | 138 | 
    
        | Blood & Chocolate Milk54F | 143 | 
    
        | Part Two: Text Wrestling | 150 | 
    
        | Section Introduction: Text Wrestling Analysis | 151 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 151 | 
    
        | Chapter Four Interpretation, Analysis, and Close Reading | 153 | 
    
        | Interpretation | 153 | 
    
        | Analysis | 154 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 156 | 
    
        | Techniques | 157 | 
    
        | Authorial Intent | 157 | 
    
        | Radical Noticing: Seeing What’s On the Page | 158 | 
    
        | Symbols, Patterns, and References59F | 159 | 
    
        | Sociocultural Lenses60F | 161 | 
    
        | Activities | 163 | 
    
        | Personal Photo Analysis | 163 | 
    
        | Unpacking Advertisements: Analyzing Visual Rhetoric | 163 | 
    
        | Radical Noticing Promenade | 164 | 
    
        | Poem Explication62F | 164 | 
    
        | Drag the River63F  by Ryan Mills | 165 | 
    
        | Richard Cory64F | 166 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 167 | 
    
        | Annotation: “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”65F | 167 | 
    
        | Chapter Five: Summary and Response | 169 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 169 | 
    
        | Techniques | 170 | 
    
        | Identifying Main Points, Concerns, and Images | 170 | 
    
        | Tracking Your Reactions | 170 | 
    
        | Writing Your Summary | 171 | 
    
        | Paraphrase, Summary, and Direct Quotes | 172 | 
    
        | Activities | 175 | 
    
        | Summary and Response: TV Show or Movie | 175 | 
    
        | Everyone’s a Critic: Food Review | 175 | 
    
        | Digital Media Summary and Mini-Analysis | 176 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 177 | 
    
        | Maggie as the Focal Point69F | 177 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 179 | 
    
        | Pronouns & Bathrooms70F | 179 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 181 | 
    
        | Education Methods: Banking vs. Problem-Posing71F | 181 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 183 | 
    
        | You Snooze, You Peruse72F | 183 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 185 | 
    
        | Chapter Six  Analysis and Synthesis | 187 | 
    
        | Techniques | 190 | 
    
        | So What? Turning Observations into a Thesis | 190 | 
    
        | The T3 Strategy | 193 | 
    
        | The O/P Strategy | 194 | 
    
        | Research Question and Embedded Thesis | 195 | 
    
        | Synthesis: Using Evidence to Explore Your Thesis | 195 | 
    
        | What might this look like in practice? | 197 | 
    
        | Activities | 198 | 
    
        | Idea Generation: Close Reading Graphic Organizer | 198 | 
    
        | Thesis Builder | 202 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 205 | 
    
        | Songs80F | 205 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 208 | 
    
        | Normal Person: An Analysis of the Standards of Normativity in “A Plague of Tics”81F | 208 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 213 | 
    
        | Analyzing “Richard Cory”82F | 213 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 215 | 
    
        | Assignment:  Text wrestling Analysis | 216 | 
    
        | Assignment | 216 | 
    
        | One Example of a Peer Workshop Process | 220 | 
    
        | Model Text by Student Authors | 222 | 
    
        | To Suffer or Surrender? An Analysis of Dylan Thomas’s “Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night”83F | 222 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 225 | 
    
        | Christ Like84F | 225 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 228 | 
    
        | The Space Between the Racial Binary85F | 228 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 232 | 
    
        | Part Three: Research and Argumentation | 235 | 
    
        | Section Introduction: Research and Argumentation | 236 | 
    
        | Chapter Seven Argumentation | 237 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 239 | 
    
        | Techniques | 240 | 
    
        | “But I Just Want to Write an Unbiased Essay” | 240 | 
    
        | Common Forms of Argumentation | 240 | 
    
        | Aristotelian Argument | 240 | 
    
        | Rogerian Argument | 241 | 
    
        | Rhetorical Appeals | 243 | 
    
        | Logos | 243 | 
    
        | Pathos | 247 | 
    
        | Ethos | 248 | 
    
        | Sociohistorical Context of Argumentation | 249 | 
    
        | Activities | 250 | 
    
        | Op-Ed Rhetorical Analysis | 250 | 
    
        | VICE News Rhetorical Appeal Analysis | 251 | 
    
        | Audience Analysis: Tailoring Your Appeals | 253 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 259 | 
    
        | Effective Therapy Through Dance and Movement95F | 259 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 265 | 
    
        | We Don’t Care About Child Slaves96F | 267 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 270 | 
    
        | Carnivore Consumption Killing Climate97F | 271 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 275 | 
    
        | Chapter Eight Research Concepts | 277 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 278 | 
    
        | Techniques | 279 | 
    
        | Inquiry-Based Research | 279 | 
    
        | Ongoing Conversation100F | 281 | 
    
        | Developing a Topic | 281 | 
    
        | Writing a Proposal | 285 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 287 | 
    
        | School Vouchers: Bureaucratizing Inequality | 287 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 288 | 
    
        | Activities | 289 | 
    
        | Idea Generation: Curiosity Catalogue103F  and Collaborative Inquiry | 289 | 
    
        | Part One | 289 | 
    
        | Part Two | 291 | 
    
        | Part Three: Small Group | 291 | 
    
        | Part Three: Gallery Walk | 292 | 
    
        | Idea Generation: Mind-Mapping | 292 | 
    
        | Idea Generation: Internet Stumbling | 293 | 
    
        | Focus: Expanding and Contracting Scope | 294 | 
    
        | Model: | 296 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 298 | 
    
        | Pirates & Anarchy104F | 298 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 300 | 
    
        | A Case of Hysterics105F | 300 | 
    
        | Wage Transparency and the Gender Divide106F | 302 | 
    
        | Chapter Nine Interacting with Sources | 303 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 304 | 
    
        | Techniques | 306 | 
    
        | Research Methods: Discovering Sources | 306 | 
    
        | Your Library | 307 | 
    
        | Google Scholar | 312 | 
    
        | Wikipedia | 313 | 
    
        | Other Resources | 313 | 
    
        | Additional Techniques for Discovering Sources | 314 | 
    
        | Research Methods: Evaluating Sources | 315 | 
    
        | Interpreting Sources and Processing Information | 318 | 
    
        | The Annotated Bibliography | 318 | 
    
        | Research Methods: Drawing from Sources and Synthesizing | 320 | 
    
        | Finding Your Position, Posture, and Perspective | 320 | 
    
        | Articulating Your Claim | 320 | 
    
        | Situating Yourself Using Your Research | 322 | 
    
        | Extended Quotes | 326 | 
    
        | Readerly Signposts | 327 | 
    
        | Addressing Counterarguments | 328 | 
    
        | Revisiting Your Research Question, Developing an Introduction, and Crafting a Conclusion | 328 | 
    
        | Introductions | 329 | 
    
        | Don’t | 329 | 
    
        | Do | 329 | 
    
        | Conclusions | 331 | 
    
        | Activities | 333 | 
    
        | Research Scavenger Hunt | 333 | 
    
        | Identifying Fake News | 334 | 
    
        | Interacting with Sources Graphic Organizer | 334 | 
    
        | Articulating Your Claim – Practicing Thesis Development | 340 | 
    
        | Part One – Write | 340 | 
    
        | Part Two – Revise | 341 | 
    
        | Guiding Interpretation (Readerly Signposts) | 341 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 344 | 
    
        | Planting the Seed: Norway’s Strong Investment in Parental Leave116F | 358 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 363 | 
    
        | Pirates and Anarchy: Social Banditry Toward a Moral Economy117F | 364 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 373 | 
    
        | The Hysterical Woman118F | 374 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 381 | 
    
        | Assignment:  Persuasive Research Essay | 383 | 
    
        | Assignment | 383 | 
    
        | Guidelines for Peer Workshop | 387 | 
    
        | One Example of a Peer Workshop Process | 387 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 389 | 
    
        | The Advertising Black Hole119F | 389 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 398 | 
    
        | A Changing Ball-Game120F | 399 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 408 | 
    
        | Vaccines: Controversies and Miracles121F | 409 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 412 | 
    
        | Back Matter: Additional Readings, Appendices, Additional Recommended Resources, Glossary, and Citations and Permissions | 416 | 
    
        | Additional Readings by both student and professional authors | 417 | 
    
        | “LZ Gator, Vietnam, February 1994” excerpt from “The Vietnam in Me” by Tim O’Brien, published in 1994 by the New York Times122F | 417 | 
    
        | My Favorite Place123F | 418 | 
    
        | Video: “Running Down the Hill” by Robyn Vazquez124F | 421 | 
    
        | Video: “21” by Patrick Roche125F | 421 | 
    
        | The Story of an Hour126F  by Kate Chopin | 422 | 
    
        | Excerpt from My Bondage and My Freedom127F  by Frederick Douglass | 424 | 
    
        | Between the World and Me: An Important Book on Race and Racism128F  by David Saifer | 428 | 
    
        | Untitled129F | 429 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 430 | 
    
        | Untitled130F | 431 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 434 | 
    
        | Moonlight (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) | 435 | 
    
        | Inauthenticity, Inadequacy, and Transience: The Failure of Language in “Prufrock”131F | 435 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 441 | 
    
        | Why Our Feminism Must Be Intersectional (And 3 Ways to Practice It) [article] by Jarune Uwuajaren and Jamie Utt. Available via Everyday Feminism.132F | 441 | 
    
        | Economics and Obesity133F | 441 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 446 | 
    
        | Student Veterans and Their Struggle with Higher Education134F | 447 | 
    
        | Works Cited | 450 | 
    
        | “Our Town” from This American Life | 451 | 
    
        | “The Unfinished Battle in the Capital of the Confederacy” from Code Switch | 451 | 
    
        | See pages 90-91 of Nickel and Dimed, book by Barbara Ehrenreich.135F | 451 | 
    
        | Gaycation | 452 | 
    
        | Sweet Crude | 452 | 
    
        | Why Boston’s Hospitals Were Ready | 452 | 
    
        | Appendix A Concepts and Strategies for Revision | 454 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 457 | 
    
        | Revision Activities | 459 | 
    
        | Establishing Your Peer Workshop | 459 | 
    
        | Global Revision Activity for a Narrative Essay | 462 | 
    
        | Reverse Outlining | 463 | 
    
        | Local Revision Activity: Cutting Fluff | 465 | 
    
        | Appendix B Engaged Reading Strategies | 469 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 470 | 
    
        | Annotation | 471 | 
    
        | SQ3R | 473 | 
    
        | Before Reading: | 473 | 
    
        | While Reading: | 473 | 
    
        | After Reading: | 474 | 
    
        | Double-Column Notes | 474 | 
    
        | Increasing Reading Efficiency | 475 | 
    
        | Encountering an Article in a Hurry: | 475 | 
    
        | Encountering a Book in a Hurry: | 475 | 
    
        | Appendix C: Metacognition | 477 | 
    
        | Chapter Vocabulary | 478 | 
    
        | Metacognitive Activities | 479 | 
    
        | Writing Home from Camp | 479 | 
    
        | Metacognitive Interview | 479 | 
    
        | Model Texts by Student Authors | 481 | 
    
        | Model Metacognitive Reflection 1143F | 481 | 
    
        | Model Metacognitive Reflection 2144F | 482 | 
    
        | Additional Recommended Resources | 484 | 
    
        | Full Citations and Permissions | 495 | 
    
        | Images (in order of appearance) | 495 | 
    
        | Texts (in alphabetical order) | 498 | 
    
        | Summary | 174 | 
    
        | Paraphrase | 174 | 
    
        | Quote | 174 |