Empoword

Part Three: Research and Argumentation 413 Offit, Paul A., and Louis M. Bell. Vaccines: What You Should Know . 3rd edition, John Wiley, 2003. “Vaccine Effectiveness – How Well Does the Flu Vaccine Work?” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 3 Oct. 2017, www.cdc.gov/flu/about/qa/vaccineeffect.htm. Part Three Endnotes Complete citations are included at the end of the book. 86 NPR released a fascinating investigatory piece on fake news production in 2016 called “We Tracked Down A Fake-News Creator in The Suburbs. Here’s What We Learned.” You can listen to it here. 87 Kinsley, Michael. “The Intellectual Free Lunch.” 1995. The Seagull Reader: Essays, Norton, 2016, pp. 251-253. 88 Ibid., 253. 89 The Toulmin model of argumentation is another common framework and structure which is not discussed here. 90 Wetzel, John. “The MCAT Writing Assignment.” WikiPremed , Wisebridge Learning Systems LLC, 2013 , http://www.wikipremed.com/mcat_essay.php. [Link has expired since publication. For more information, see WikiPremed website.] Reproduced in accordance with Creative Commons licensure. 91 I find this distinction especially valuable because there is some slippage in what instructors mean by “rhetorical triangle”—e.g., “ logos, pathos, ethos ” vs. “reader, writer, text.” The latter set of definitions, used to determine rhetorical situation, is superseded in this text by SOAP (subject, occasion, audience, purpose). 92 This correlation is an oft-cited example, but the graph is a fabrication to make a point, not actual data. 93 See Frederic Filloux’s 2016 article, “Facebook’s Walled Wonderland is Inherently Incompatible with News [Medium article].” 94 See “Power and Place Equal Personality” (Deloria) or “Jasmine-Not-Jasmine” (Han) for non- comprehensive but interesting examples. Deloria, Jr., Vine. “Power and Place Equal Personality.” Indian Education in America by Deloria and Daniel Wildcat, Fulcrum, 2001, pp. 21-28. Han, Shaogang. “Jasmine-Not-Jasmine.” A Dictionary of Maqiao , translated by Julia Lovell, Dial Press, 2005, pp. 352+. 95 Essay by Samantha Lewis, Portland State University, 2015. Reproduced with permission from the student author. 96 Essay by Jennifer Vo-Nguyen, Portland State University, 2017. Reproduced with permission from the student author. 97 Essay by Tim Curtiss, Portland Community College, 2017. Reproduced with permission from the student author.