Friedberg_Nila-2021

М . Б У Л Г А К О В « С О Б А Ч Ь Е С Е Р Д Ц Е » . О Т Р Ы В О К 8 3 1 9 Задание 6 | Лексика Прочитайте комментарий и выполните задание. STYLISTIC NUANCES OF THE PASSIVE VOICE Consider the following sentences: (1а) Его убили. He was killed. (1b) Он был убит. He was killed. (2a) В четверг ей выдали визу. On Thursday she was issued a visa. (2б) В четверг ей была On Thursday she was issued a visa. выдана виза. (3a) Визу выдают за месяц. A visa is issued in/after a month. (3б) Виза выдается за месяц. A visa is issued in/after a month. One can translate sentences (1-3) into English using passive constructions ( be + verb- ed ). However, there is a clear stylistic difference between sentence (a) and sentence (b) in each pair. While sentences (1a), (2a), and (3a), called personal-indefinite sentences, can appear in everyday conversation, sentences (1b), (2b), and (3b) would typically occur in official reports or formal speech, because Russian perfective passives formed with the verb быть + participle or imperfective passives formed with the suffix -ся have an official flavor (Golub 2010: 47). Exceptions do occur, e.g., a Russian speaker may use a formal-style passive in ironic contexts, or in order to distance him- or herself from other conversation participants. Ниже приводится дневник, который могла бы написать Зина. Перепишите дневник в научно-деловом стиле, заменяя подчеркнутые фразы на фразы, содержащие пассивные конструкции с глаголом быть .