Friedberg_Nila-2021

D E C O D I N G T H E 2 0 S 2 0 0 with the meaning of the previous statement (Shmelev 2002: 282). (This means that a paragraph cannot begin with a sentence including this usage of же , as the context would have to be established first.) Я же тебе говорила! I told you! (previous context: You did not listen, and I was right.) Он же хороший пес! He’s a good dog! (previous context: You are afraid of him for no reason.) (c) Similarly, the particle же can express contrast between two clauses. In this case, the conjunction a / однако is omitted. In contrastive clauses, we add же after a noun phrase consisting of one or two words (i.e., in the sentence below, you could not add же after, for instance, «его старый больной бок»). У Шарика кружилась голова, бок же совсем перестал болеть. Sharik was dizzy; his hip, on the other hand, had stopped hurting. (d) The particle же may also express the idea that two things or people are identical; Shmelev (2002) refers to this usage as a “sameness marker.” Филипп Филиппович и профессор Преображенский – этот один и тот же человек. Filipp Filippovich and Prof. Preobrazhensky are one and the same person. Филипп Филлипович, он же профессор Преображенский, никогда не ел дешевой колбасы. Filipp Filippovich, also known as Prof. Preobrazhensky, never ate cheap sausage.