Community Resilience to Climate Change: Theory, Research and Practice

70 vulnerability assessment to identify the appropriate resilience pathways for buildings, most strategies introduced represented narrow conceptualizations of climate change resilience. Specifically, engineering resilience and disaster risk resilience were represented in all documents. Accordingly, the majority of strategies reinforced bouncing-back and robustness after a disturbance or shock. This finding aligns with current resilience literature that states the predominance of engineering resilience in current climate change policy, programs, and initiatives [2,23]. Figure 1. Framing of resilience across the eighteen resilience documents. Ecological resilience was adopted in eleven resilience documents but not as extensively as engineering and disaster risk resilience. Ecological resilience strategies addressed adaptation to change and uncertainty and the need for transformation in current practices mainly through passive design approaches. The social sciences resilience was the least represented resilience approach. Resilience strategies within this approach support social cohesion, community ties, information flow, and the empowerment of individuals and communities. Strategies included extreme heat