Community Resilience to Climate Change: Theory, Research and Practice

190 Table 1. Community representation at the extreme events workshops. Figure 5. Emergency management cycle (PPRR) and definition of the phases as used in the workshops [17]. Key questions for participants at each workshop included: How much time is spent in each phase of the EM cycle? When do the EM cycle phases begin and end? What is most at risk in this landscape? What actions are undertaken by the community (not necessarily NRM focused) during these phases? The second activity was designed to specifically address the actions taken to manage natural resources and aspects of community capacity to undertake management actions in each phase of the PPRR cycle. Participants were divided into four groups corresponding to one phase of the cycle. Where possible the expertise of individuals was matched to particular phases of the cycle. For example, rural counsellors and community finance representatives were often assigned to the recovery phase. Within each group a facilitator led an in-depth discussion of current actions tomanage natural resources for extreme events, and views on the aspects of the natural environment and local livelihoods and lifestyles that may be lost to the community if extreme events become more frequent or intense. Finally improvements to the management of extreme events throughout the PPRR cycle to better protect the natural resource base were discussed.