27 represented spiritual victory over the forces of darkness, while symbolically guarding against religious persecution.3 Denise Loncar 1 Tania C. Tribes, “Icon and Narration in Eighteenth-Century Christian Egypt: the works of Yuhanna alArmani al-Qudsi and Ibrahim al-Nasikh,” Art History 27, 1 (February 2004): 69, http://web.ebscohost.com. proxy.lib.pdx, (accessed 2 Oct. 2011). 2 Bas Snelders and Adeline Jeudy, “Guarding the Entrances: Equestrian Saints in Egypt and North Mesopotamia,” Eastern Christian Art, 3(2006):107. 3 F.A. Meinardus, Coptic Saints and Pilgrimages, (Cairo: American University in Cairo Press, 2002), 33.
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