TIAIN Journal of Appropriate Technology ONE DOLLAR INSIDE: Composting Privy plans Passive Solar "Rules of Thumb" Androgyny Reports from D.C. VOLUME III, NO.8
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June 1977 RAIN Page 3 f^ RAIN is a monthly information access journal and reference service for people developing more satisfying patterns that increase local self-reliance and press less heavily on our limited resources. We try to give access to: * Solid technical support for evaluating and implementing new ideas. And while we're on the subject, here are two new books for budding Pacific Northwest naturalists. Both are good places to get started, particularly if you're new to the area: Profiles of Nortbutest Plants, Peggy Robinson, 1977, $2.5O from her at: 1O2O S.W. Dolph Ct. Portland, OR972l9 Food uses, medicinal uses and Iegends for plants in the Portland arca. Western Trce Book, George Palmer and Martha Stucky, 1977, $5.95 ftomt Victoria House 2218 N.E. 8th Ave. Portland, OR97212 Especially nice for its comparisons- "All firs have these characteristics in common," "how to distinguish between the wild cherries." Tom turned to the cedars and began to dream. -LdeM DO IT NOW Foundation P.O. Box 5115 Phoenix, AZ 85010 Cheap, high-quality publications on drugs and drug use-alcohol, grass, downers, uppers, smack, over-thecounter, prescription, etc. A rare blend of street-wise sawy and unhysterical but accurate warnings of medical hazards. Director Vic Pawlak writes, "We can't send everything free to everybody, but we can promise that readers writing in will receive basic information on whatever chemical area is their prime interest. " Catalog and sample pamphlets free from above address. -Tom Ferguson ENERGY SAVING Industrial Energy Conseraation: A Handbook for Engineers and Managers, D.A. Reay, 370 pp., 187 illustrations, 1977, $12.5O flexi'cover fromt Pergamon Press Maxwell House Fairview Park Elmsford, NY 10523 As you might expect, given Great Britain's more desperate energy situation, serious attention to conservation would soon be reflected in excellent, clearlywritten books. Understandable diagrams and graphs amplify a text chock full of money-saving hints for an entire range of energy:intensive industries: iron & steel, aluminum, chemical, oil, pulp & paper, glass, food processing, textiles. One chapter emphasizes good housekeeping of boilers, dryers and other equipment. Another covers €nergy recovery. Case histories and examples of capital cost and return on investment with various techniques and new processes abound. References, appendices of British & U.S. organizations and equipment suppliers, and a very useful, index complete this work. If anyone has seen a nitty-gritty U.S. version, please let us know. Highly recommended to plant engineers and corporate energy managers. -LJ FEA Public Schools Energy Audit Service, $30 per elementary school, $50 per junior or senior high, contact your nearest Federal Energy Administration office. A two-phase audit includes' 1) a summary of your energy-saving potential and a series of checklists to use in your operation of the school, and 2) a cost-benefit analysis of energy conservation options. -LJ Colorado Energy Researcb Institute EnergSr Ne..lj.s Notes, available from: CERI P.O. Box 366 Golden, CO 80401 As an energy center, CERI can answer questions and direct Coloradans to local architects, engineers, researchers and energy policymakers. It aiso publishes avzrtety of reports and analyses on furure energy alternatives, energy conservation and net energy in the Colorado context. Write for a sample newsletter and publications pricelist. *LJ "How to Remodel a Home for SelfSufficiency," by Joel M. Skousen, in Inflation Surztiaal Letter, vol. 4., no. 9, May 4, 1977, $2 (single copy), S4&lyr. for !4 issues, from' Inflation Survival Letter 6737 Annapolis Rd. P.O. Box 2599 Landover Hills, MD 20784 We'll review Mr. Skousen's book, from which their excerpt is taken, in a future issue. Meanwhile, this is a good intro to ISL, which is full of financial survival hints and is now including more perspectives on the relation of energy to inflation and human survival. -LJ Greenhouse Energy Conservation, contact! W. Bauerle and T. Short Ohio State Universiry Cooperative Extension Service Ohio Agric. R&D Center 2120 Fyffe Rd. Columbus, OH 43210 An insulating plastic covering over a conventional glass greenhouse cut total heat use.by 57% during the four coldest months of winter '7 5:7 6. A commercially available two-layer cover is inflated with air after attachment to rhe ourside surface of the greenhouse. -LJ * Ecological and philosophical perceptions that can help create more satisfying options for living, working and playing. * UP-to-date information on people, even$ and publications,
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lune 1977 RAIN Page 5 political liberation. Androgyny may be the mosr radical idea to come along in our time. Just as citizen activists infused the word "ecology" with extraordinary new significance, so the word "androgyny" is now being infused with momentous importance by small voluntary networks. To comprehend androgyny, it is first necessary to understand that it means neither hermaphroditism, nor homosexuality, nor bisexuality. People can bed down in whatever combinations they like so far as I am concerned, but their sexual preferences have nothing to do with androgyny simply because gender has nothing to do with androgyny. Androgyny is the expression of the ideal whole human personality; gender is a grossly inadequare expression of this wholeness. Yet we have always treated gender as if it were the essential and overriding determinant of personality. Boys were boys and girls were girls and that was that. This is like letting money serve as society's only standard of value. Who would want a world where all beauty was banished except that wirh a pricetag on it? Who wants a world where all the richness of human personality must be crammed into two little boxes, one marked "feminine" and one marked "masculine"? The idea of androgyny transcends and exists to transcend all such gender-trapped considerations. It belongs neither to men nor women; it belongs to human beings. Androgyny does not mean that women should repeat the errors of the past; the idea is not that men should now submit to the rule of women. Androgyny can get us out of the vicious cycle wherein one must either be a "winner" or a "loser." lt can help us all climb onto the common ground of true equality between the sexes. It points the way out of the bitter war which women and men have been waging for countless generations. Like all truly liberating ideas, androgyny is fundamentally simple, yet hard to define. It resurrects the ancient myth that human Leings are blessed with a dual nrt,rr.,'the all.in-one, the androgynous ideal. Psychologically, this notion derives from the contrasting qualities within us which make it possible to achieve balance and integration within the human personaliry. For reasons shrouded in the mists of time, culture has di vided these qualities into two sets and labelled rhem "mascuIine" and "feminine." Today, in a dangerously over-populated world, this division is cruel, needless and inappropriate, [ut still we cling to it. Men are forbidden access to their tender side and women are forbidden access to their aggressive side; and woe to those who dare cross over! But what, it is fair: to ask, is a communiry organizer doing in the androgyny game? What are the political and social dij mensions of a new understanding of sexuality? For years my primary interest has been facilitating social change. While I do not claim paternity of any fundamentaliy new ideas, I do claim association with the very early stages of several citizeninitiated social movements, beginning in the early sixties with the first real federal effort to combat water pollution. Among the other causes I have helped to nurture are the movement for clean air, the anti.highway movement, the public transportation movement, the anti-nuclear movement, the pro-solar energy movement and, most recently, the appropriate technology/"Smail Is Beautiful" movement. I was prese nt at the creation of the movements for public interest law, public interest economics and public interest science. In addition, I rendered loyal service as a foot-soldier in other mass social expressions of recent times, the civil rights movement, the antiwar movement and the feminist movement. I daresay that I have seen a lot of social movements. These movements and the great historic movements of the nation's past-the abolitionists, the populists, the progressives, the suffragettes, the labor unions-all pursued the vision of a better society, one more just and humane. This self-same dream down through the ages has inspired people to srrive to build a better world. Great thinkers, leaders and artists have provided thrilling glimpses of what the species could be if onllour better natures were allowed to govern human affairs. But even ordinary people, if you ask them, can describe the outlines of a better society. They carry around the vision inside them; we all do. f") )k- :\, $ A funny thing happens, however, on the way to securing this vision. We fall laughably, tragically short. Again and again. We never even come close. Why? Luckily for me, I stumbled across androgyny as I was abour to publicly swear allegiance to perperual misanthropy. But contemplating androgyny allowed me to revise my perverse judgment of humanity. Irl simple terms, here is where I have emerged, Our shared vision of a better society is and must be rooted in the basic value of cooperation. But cooperation is neglected and discounted in the prevailing social system which is rooted instead in the basic value of competition. Now cooperation and competition are both necessary and desirable features of human societies as they are of ecological systems, cooperation, to provide stability; competirion, to make room for the new. There must be a balance between the two: too much cooperation, stagnation; too much competition, chaos.. The trouble with our society is that it overrewards competition (e.g. new technologies) and under-rewards cooperation (e.g. democratic collaboration). Why? The fundamental reason, it seems to me, why social alternatives rooted in cooperation are neglected is because they evolve within the side of human nature we call "feminine," a side of ourselves we have been taught to discount or even despise. Let me explain this a little further in terms of what I call a "hard" view of the world versus a "soft" view' ,,HARD" Male Measurable Reason Analysis Economics Product Competition Science Elite Specialist Certainty ,,SOFT,' Female Unmeasurable Feeling Intuition Ethics Process Cooperation Religion Participatory Generalist Uncertainry All qualities listed have their place in our lives and social relations. The poinr is that our experience should embody all these qualities, hard and soft. We should employ these qualities simultaneously and in conjunction and, through the contrasts they provide, we can achieve an internal balance. For example, if you experience an intuitive insight (soft), you must test ii rigorously through analysis (hard) to determine whether or not the insight is valid. tr
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JlurouoJe 'l?rJos anrttuJetlB oql Jo Jruos flutalzat uo lJolr\ ol la8 uzr azn ,{1pur; uaqt 'pet?raqr1 a-rz aldoad qilnoua uaqTq 'uort?u snoulSo.rpuz aqt ,aar; aqr ;o puri lerr8ol -lgrlsd rql ot srlrle l?JruqJet rqt uro-U slnodo.rp r;odsuerr oi Surdlaq speoJlrel puno.r8;apun Jo raqunu [ue ate o;aql lprar -lV 'aJII .r\ru e plrnq pue adursa uzr ,{aq1 .tr rsooqr tnq IIr/!\ daqr ;r sseul srr.{t Jo lno .{e.rl alqerouor{ u? sl"nprlrpur esaql s-r,ay;o lulSorpuv 'p)traJJ?srp pue pf,roq ,pruetq8r.r; are rualsr{s Surltela;d aqr lq pap,rervrrJ lsour aq or pasoddns r.rg or.l1\\ selrla I?rruqJst aqt ua^a 1lx3qt rrq?qur oq,n aldoad oqt ot InJsssrts .{13ursea.rcur osl" are leqa .1o.rruor lerros puolaq pue-qJnol Jo tno 3J? sarJ?JJn?ejnq asrqJ .suorlnlrlsur l?rJos Jno aloq/1\ pa,{\olle^\s rAEq qrrq,,!\ sarr?Jtn?eJnq luzr8 :ql Surnlonap roy lal Iool tsaq aql aprno.rd lzu lulSorpuE Jo Bepr aql ,dlpurC '^{oul I fu,(Sorpue pcrrrlod Jo uortrurJep tsaq Jr{l sr srqJ 'alop aqt s? tuaJouur se pur tuad;os aql s" Buluunr s? eg tsnru auo 's.{es >Joog poo) aqt rIr.I .palsat tsour aq plnoqs usrl?apt 'sSurqr 11e ;o ,sdrq.rad !prlsat aq tsnur rusrl?3pr 'qrnru quo,4\ eq ot sr tl JI ,oS .tu?^aleJrr sr ;a.nod tnor1tl,lt dlrye,roru 'pullq sl dlrp.rour tnoqtr^\ -ra.mod alqrvr t?qt prcs seq eu_oluos ',,(lqruorqse; pue .{lpruaturluas ursrFapr asropua ot q8noua tou sr tl '&,l papuru-q8not e ur petresse eq tsnur sJrqta-urql 'Xliod crlqnd yo uorl"lnuJroJ aql ur l.red .ra8,rz1 r dzld or JJ? srrr{ta ;1 .lulSo.rpue lecrrrlod qtr.r\ sr tr oS 'uauro,r\ lueu .ro; llrsea awor rou III,u uorssa.rdxa srqJ 'uraqt urqlr.,'r passatda_r ar1 qcrq.,n sarl -rpnb p.req Jaqlo pu? ssourntl.rass? aqt ssa.rdxa plnogs uJluo/r\ t?r{l su?eru lu.(8o.rpue :uaru a{rl aloul aruo)aq lsntu ueuro,tr l?r{l u?aru tou seop luXSo.lpue ,.ra,roa;ory .uaru .,tuzur .rog. dltszo auor tou IIr^{ uorssa.rdxa srqJ .uror.lt urqrr.u passa.rdar rrl qJrq.&\ sarlrienb Uos Jaqto pur sseuJapuel aqt ssardxa plnoqs urtu t?qt suueru lulSolpu? tua(uo,t\ a{tl erolu euoJrq tsnur uaur 1€qt u?etu tou saop lu,{8o.rpue ,prtou a^?q I sV , 'stredsa.r aruos ur auo in;ured e aq lit,r\ ,{lartos ;a11aq xbq(La^Luos aql ot dr.rt aqJ .sallasrno rpniap lou pinoqs arr,r lng 'rno;8 ol sanl?^ ^tau .ro; arrds pu? lurt 8urlue.l8 51rq^ rurrrrd aqr Jo tseq aqt an-rasard ue) uort?urroJsu?Jt I?rntlnr tnq ,rszd agl Jo surs eqt assra ]ouu?J erualot^ .poolq pu? f,lrJ r{1r^r tuar -sr(s luasa.rd aqt at?JJlrlqo ts-rrJ ol .,(.ressatau tou sl lt,rtarcos JeTpq wqalztuos pacnpur-{snou,(30.rpuz srr{l r{J?aJ oJ -ur l?rruqJet pu? 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I I I j i - r F\ fr SOLAR Solar Industry Index,l977, g8 from: Solar Energy Industry Assn. 1001 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington, DC 2OO36 This nerv directory, by SEIA, of the solar energy industry contains much good material but has most of the drawbacks of the prototype "ERDA 75,' directory published I-1/2 years ago by FIRDA. 'l'he new (SEIA) directory gives names, addresses and products of several hundred manufacturers, sales companies and consultants involved in solar heating, windmills, etc. Some of the entries provide useful specifications of products and services. But the shortcomings of the directory are lmpre sslve: . _ Only a small fraction of the existing solar-energy companies are listed. For example , only 35 companies the names of which start with "Solar . . ." are listed. Yet this reviewer knows of 150 such companies. . There is no inclusive index or list of companies. If you wish to find out about Solar Such-and-Such Corp., you must first guess which of eight broad categories is applicable-which of eight alphabetical indexes to cohsult. These are scattered about. Thev have no clear titles. There are no tabs Lr finder-flags. . The subject categories are somewhat arbiuary, vague, overlapping. Many firms are described (somewhat repetitiously) under several categories. Crisp, meaningful categories such as collectors, glazing, storage tanks, instruments, controls, are conspicuous by their absence. . University groups are omitted. professional scicieties are omitted. Nearly all foreign companies are omitted. ArJune 1977 RAIN Page 7 chitects are omitted. Solar home owners are omitted. o There is no cross index of persons. . Most of the entries were prepared by the companies themselves and ire filled with self-serving claims and, in some instances, highly inflated boasts. . Some of rhe glamorous-appearing presentations pertain to companies consisting of little more than two or three men with high hopes and low overhead. . A 65-page section near rhe back of the volume is devoted to elementary discttssions of solar design principles and solar heating economics. Such tutorial material is out of place in a directory. Is the directory on rhe whole valuable? Perhaps, if the reader remembers that many of the companies listed are miniscule and hundreds of important companics have been omitted. The price ($8) is gratifyingly low. -William A. Shurcliff On Balance Androgyny is a much simplified example of a basic principle by which people of many cultures harmonize their lives and societies with the ever-changing flow of the universe. That principle is balance-the seeking or giving of the ingredient most necessary to counter the dominant direction of life at any point-to nudge the ever-swinging pendulum of our personalities or societies from a parh of increasing stagnario; or decay back towards the cenrer of new and vital life. The I Cbi'ng tells us that everything carries within it rhe seed for its own downfall-at its moment of greatest splendor its very suc.cess^is preparing a way for the emergence of a new and balancing force. The greater the dominancJ of any one thing, the greater becomes the power of its opposite. The dominant force has transformed the world into balance with its own nature, and only a markedly different nature has the power to unbaiance and bring change into that world. This principle of a dynamic flowof balance becomes manifest even in the way people of countries such as Vietnam or China seek their leaders-seeking a person whose personality, whose nature, whose whole being..hoes the forces they feei necessary to counter and bring back to balance the forces dominant in their society ar thar particular time. ^ Frances Fitzgerald speaks of this in Fire in tbe Lake (g2.25 from Vintage Books, 201 E. 5Oth St., New york, Ny tOOZ2 (p. 40), "At the beginning of the first Indochina war paul Mus asked an old friend of his, a Vietnamese intellectual, whether he supported the Emperor Bao Dai or Ho Chi Minh. ,,Ho Chi Minh," said the intellectual. "Ho Chi Minh because he is pointed, whereas Bao Dai is circular like a drop of water. Like water, he will rot everything he touches. What we wanr is pointed fire and flames like Ho Chi Minh." As Mus explained, the traditional Viernamese, like so many peasanr p.opi., ,"*' history not as a straight-line progression brrt as an'organic cycle of growth, fruition, and delay; for them theseieasonal changes were associated with t.*t,ri.s and pictures-the images as old as China itself. In times of prosperity and stability the" empire appeared circular-the image of water and fecundity, or a time when, in the words of the great Vietnamese poet, Nguyen Du, "The emperor's virtues spread like rain over all the land, penetraring deeply into the hearts of men." Inevirably times would change' rich and secure, the dynasty would isolate itself from the people and grow corrupr-rhe image of degeneration, the stagnani pool. Then revoluiion would-comethe cleansing fire to burn away rhe rot of the old order. At such times the Vietnamese would look for a leader who, in his absolute rectitude, his puritanical discipline, would iead the communiry back ro the strengrh and vigor of its youth. And it was this picture that the Viet Minh and the Viet Cong presented to the Vietnamese of the twentieth century.,' _T-B F
7 7 plo r{rrr{.4\ t3 sEsU Jtoui lo auo pu? sloor p[o uo i.saJrJd.sJo] -J3llof,,, qSlq qrl.4\ ?f,u prluar.ro-anbrtuB auo an?q srrtlr aruos 'tu?uodurr seruo).q ,1rr,te.rd ot llrlrl sr JEqlo rql ,o ,r,rl :uo s?aJJ t"q,4\ t? pu? ,tou sr t?ql\ pue anbrtur sr ler{ ,\ r{tr^\ ftr.rerlrue; '.ra,raznoq ,sta>Feu ealJ ot e^ou ,qr qi,6 sa8z:r8 l? punoJ sulel_l ploqasnoq lzpl.ra,ra aqt ;o sarr.rd ^\eu eqt qtr.ry\ l?lllr:ueJ a.rr aldoad lsow 'sal?s a8rrr8 puz stalr?ur eeg ,sapi rr1 -qnd rr punoJ rr? stuetr pasn ,rlqerreda: pue pesn ,r1q"rrd6 '' ^ 'speaq .rapurllr ognz Surre;;ns_al s? q)ns >1.rorn punoduor Surpur.r8 roJ tuallarxo rr?!u? qrur u? Jo qr6OOI/I'or puno.r8 er? sar"Jrns tEU eqJ .s8urplrnq alod;o; st.roddns tuallaf,xe altru seuotsqtuoJ .Jotnqr.lrsyp Fuor8a.r .ro rar.rrenb eqt ot IJ?q stsoJ uort?tJodsue.rr Xu d Jo aurr{J?ru Furre;rns_a; u^{o rrer{l lnq or proJJ"^tiu?f, sarueduror JI"uIs tsol,\l .uo pets?lqpu?s uaaq a^?q su8rsap puE srru?u uo.op_aprsdn pu, prlrdisr* rar;r dorl^s auorsqruor 1ero1 :nol l.ra gsanq .{yano1 jo ,i,ro, iy" ur atrut.rS 'U I x .U ! * .t1-t Jo suot 97 tr1 ot p-rrq aq rq8iru r! )ulql 's;a,{nq l1a1r1 l;rruapr pu? ruaqt ssaro;d_ar llrsea 'patJ".rtuoJun IIIts sats?,4 et?Jol ol JapJo ur ,raaur8ua'izrr -rrr)r{J Jo .ra8zurur turld leuorssa;o.rd z se l;tsnuaqr tuJ Ios pu? sassarold uortrnp.o.ld uo pasJan_lla.4\ s" ualJo sr slJq JaqJJrJ InJsserJns aqg .lrrpnb ieruaruuorr^ua Jo ruatuuzdip aieii .rnol qSnorqr u^top palr?lt aq u?r pue sa8urrirxa atsely\ I?ul -snpur prll"J er? esrr1J .spur qtoq re saay Burlrallor ,sautsnpur Jaqlo ot IIf,s pu? aaoua;llsnonurtuoJ ol stuauaa;8e qtr.tr Bui -qr-rr1 snolrdrpuelas q)-ns Surzrleu.ro; .,(q auorur p"pp"'Burur"B ,,rtou ar? sJetual 8urp.{ra"r f,ue1tr1 .lene tr In?r{ ol rre.rruot'prrd e ta8 uzr.auo urUO .senurt,ror .trqr;r;Ttsr8olouqrat Uos aql or ra,rolllds lrrllnb-q8rg arp .aFr{1!\u"4,{ .petral.rof, roJlr rr.ll puu paddors :q urr ,,ssa;3ord,,;o slaeq.d rqt eloJaq palnp -olo uJUo_ JIE stuetr Jo spu?snoql lo spalpunq.,Euunlre3lnuuur ;o spaeds tuasa;d eqt Jo asnErrg .l1r1enb Jo-sp;epuers"al8urs ;no ssed o^t paJI?J Sur,req .sarlrr rno .teru s"rr? putsnpur ut saxoqdurnp a8.re1 ur punoJ ueuo sr ,ruerr paSzuep liyarnirn,rti -uou .lo qsrrueJq f,rteursor aqr ,qr.rr; .,{trlunb rsaq8rq aq1 '&lrr-1neq Jo ales JoJ als?1r\ I?ul . -snpur (S pu?,stalr?rx EeU pue sales a8z;r8 ltr,tltua&e prrpry 'tuauu;arro8 ,{3rr ,arrlod :sales uolt.lnB r11gnd 1g ,r8urn"rj ,,rirrj aqr 8ur>1tr JolJeJtuoJqns ? sB pu? JotJ?Jtuof, l;rur:d s?',uortr'T -oruap to a8r,rles (7 ,s.iaqr.rr; laqlo qtr/y\ urr;o ,rrlieq ro ap?lj - (1 apnlrur seporu asrr{J .rlqelr?Ae rrE sl?r.ielBtu eql ateq.ry\ uo Surpuadap'spoqlaur uortrsrnbrr,,pazllelradi,, .ro,,rur"nb,,,,,rrr1, -.rJ1!\o1,, Jaqtre Jl? IaaJ su?JrlJruv tso(u lrq,/!\ otur saqJuBlq 3r{ p?elsul 'sure8_req Jo Uareq ,,,stunorsrp prcads,, pasrtJelp? aql alrdsap 'pu? slruat€tu Jo InJJts?,ry\ sr JorA?qaq JJrunsuoJ Jno ,JJ -r{JrlJ paf,urr.radxa aqt o l .u?J a8zq_rr8 aqt-ojur uaqt pu? ,ruoq flrra,rrp aJots luarulr?dap ;o la{.reu.radns uror; ,.r'eaur1 ssal ro elolu sI I{tBd rqJ 'sptore.r ,s1oo^1 ,_ra112q5 ,sotnz ,Burqlolr .pooJ :spu?q rno .ro serpoq ;no q8no"rqr sassed 1rq1 ,ldorrua_.roi palpoque aqt ,slrnpo_rd aql ft,lte ^\olqt put lnq sn Jo tsol4l 'ldo.rlua aztrururu leql 'snJo tsrl eqt u?qt asJe^run aql Jo IsEl srr.{l t? lsttaq qJnru . ,]Oy,tr eru srrqrrlJ u.rqr -l8olora pue srrurouo): lq'palsa8 -dns sB 'AdoJlua-q8rq u,ro.rJ fdo.rlua_Mol ro .tJprostp uio;J J)plo at?rrJ ot sl sasod;nd l.relaueld s(purlueur Jo ruo Jr ,rqJ .Iro.r r{f,nsJo stradsz JrursoJ-reau eqt ssrru ,,(lataldtor arr,, puy 'pa^lo^ur ltrnuaSur ar{t rouoq pu" ,rr.rdoril ot 1rEJ aiA .srts?/!\ Jno uro4 ,saurocur u,,l\o JrJt{t pu? ,sl?ueteur injain Bur,rrrrrar le tiadxa eJ? or{ \ esor{t pJE.{\ot BurpuarsapuoJ aJ? e.{\ uauo oot lnq 'u^\ot ur rBIIrp?:) tsa8"rr1 aql a^rtp Xrur ueulunl aq1 CNIHCIVNS.HCHIJ elBrs-lp?als aql uI aJslduouruo) rrr.uso) eql ,,| 7 1461 aunf glyg g a8e4
r F to^o_ls go for "functional,, prices,.usually 712 or 2/3 the price of Sears or Wards catalogs. But, in addition to t nor"ing'n;* item prices as a baseline-to bargain aolvn f.orn, one must learn how to negoriate. It's fun, Botl first offers neaer count.Thev only establish the boundaries within which the ii"ri pl*. *iil be arrived at. Don't betray your eagerness for either the item or the exciring process of'dlaling i6elf; both must ultimatelv i:^TT::l .r you musr fake it if they do. Learn ro go ^way ror an hour and come back later with the same offeiwhenit,s near quirting time for th.e seller. It may be gone, but if not, chances are very good it,s yours._At p,1nfi. !"f.r, especially ll1l..rt, the expert.firchei.checks out the price ranges of rtems rn advance and doesn,t let,,auction fiver,, leai to win_ :119,,^11 l,d but,losing the bargain. police, city, counry, srate and federal surplus sales Iists,and catalogs come when you ger on their mailing lists. For federal agenciZs, .rii yor. lo""l Federal Information Cenrer under i,U.S. Gov,r.i, in the white p,agp.s, or write your Congressperson or the agency involved for the^forms that you fill out ro ger on the list. ". Sllu"g. firch.ing gets us intJ lumber, *indorv and ornare rlreplace recycling. you'll need trucks, tools, fast_workins :l:l1r and bonding. which is forfeited if everything;;;fl. .S srte rs not gone ar the date specified in the contracal ff yo" S are not a recycling center, a group of independent firchers s ::Tlf :".g.rher on a parricular demolition in exchange for S :i.:'i::iy-"ll'l-bu, appoint one or cwo people to ,.ir.r.nt S me group ln contract negotiations or the conira.t.r," *ill oo, .i Tl]i^Y,i:^91 large jobs,"different salvage companies *f,i.fi-- : :il.-h:: f1l..d a Iong and ircreasingly expensive trip to town ror a costly new part which might even have to be back_ oroered weeks or months. No one is likely to forget such help, and it's returned in kind.when you need,"-.,tiig. In f".m '' country, people know who specializes in what kini of firch or at least is more likely to have what's needed than 20 other tarmers. Also, some firchers enjoy collecting it so much they are.wiiling ro serve as depots for ihose who?ind firch but have no immediate use for it. Of course, such contributors to the collective firch have 1st dibs ou.. ihor. who haven,t given lately, somewhat analagous to a blood bank. Next time we'll cover firch organization and maintenance. Meanwhile, remember the 3rd pi!. -by Lee Johnson, with help from David Katz, Ken Smith & Dexter Bacon lune 1,977 RAIN page 9 mystenous movement since we first heard a.bout companion planring -Woody Deryckx Klein, 1977, $2.50 Irom, ; specialize in rerioval or ur.ior, -i;;;irl, ;;;?;il;;;:' t after anorher, bur more likely a ,"b ;";il;;;, i, u-#i,, r" t for,final clean-up. To get informarion on ."* -*.ri"["r.i... n :T:^_u:lr-b.r, meral and gJass, watch scrap metal and iu_U., I prices in ne.wspaper wa.,t "ds, or call up tnJr. J.riirg ri;"'"" S wastes you're interested in. ' ^. ^.rTt:t"b^y^:1.^.:r, enjo.yabte part of firching is trading with otncr tlrchers. Among neighbors in rural a.eas who aepe"na :1:i:,Li"_,\.,r in many other ways, firching is a long_'term proposrtlon. you're doing a favor that sau.ia farmer or \es URE. R.io-Dy namic Agric ult ure : An I ntroduc_ tton,Herbert H. Koepf, B D. petterson and Wolfgang Schaumann, 1976, 429 pp.. $12.00, published by Anthro_ posophic Press, Spring Valley, New York, and distributed by: Bio-Dynamic Literature P.O. Box 253 Wyoming, Rhode Island 0289g This is the book a lot of people have been waiting for. It is the mosr readable and comple te description of the princi_ pres and practrces of bio_dynamic farm_ ing available in English. The book is a com.prehensive text on agriculture from the bio-dynamic pcrspeciiver soil sci_ ence, plant science. and animal husband_ ry are discussed with an emphasis upon the inter-relatedness, the wholenessl balance and health which are characteristic of rhe B.D. approach. Sio-dynamic theory, rooted in the original eig'ht lecrures of Dr. Rudolf Sieiner <igz+1, is explained, interpreted and related io actual farming techniques emDloved bv suc53;sfu.l bio-dynamil farms in bu.op. and North America. Results of 50 yeirs of scieqtific research into aspects of the B.D. approach are also included and ex_ plained. Perhaps the most welcome fea_ ture of this new book is its detailed de_ scription of actual farms under bio_ dynamic management. The central philosophy of bio-dynamics regards each farm as a distinct, living e"ntity an orgarism-which, while certainly not isolated from the resr of the living earth, has a cerrain biological inregriry ;d a balanced wholeness of its own. Dr. Koepf's book demonstrates the value of this approach by revealing detailed rccords of inputs, yields anJthe intcrnal f low of marrer and energy wirhin indi_ vidual farms. Even the economics of bio_ dynamic agriculture is discussed, as is the cooperative quality control and certttlcatlon program and marl<eting network.among European gro*..r. "Thi, rs an exciting and revealing book; I rec_' ommend it to farmers, to agricultural screntlsts,_to everyone's local library, and especially to all of us who h"u. b.en trying to understand chis exciting yet Center for Community Economic Development 639 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 316 Cambridge, MA 02139 The recent surge of intcrest in community canneries has resultcd in a growing number of such centers-diffe*r..,, *iy, they can he ser up end operated, wheic to buy equlpment and scrounge uscd machinery, the costs and ben&its of community canning, health and insur_ ance regulations, the history of small_ scale_ canning, and the impacts of sea_ sonal operation on efforti to make such centers self-supporr ing. A valuable guidc ror any group considcring such opera_ tions. -TB f,11 I r
-l 7 .bz6r6 v) .s?urlo8 .p?ou utlg'zt xog 'o'd 'll?qsr?lA leted ruorJ alq?Ie^v 'rr palsrl 3^?r{ e,^{ s? 0g'zg u?ql reqle.r E$ sr ll?r{sr?ii\ raled lq sacqrola 4u0J ttldas Jo uoDrp3 luarJnJ eqJ ; UOIIJAJJO) gJ-'snu?Jtlsuv stI?JJV ur eJrl Jo slr?J aqt pu? ,uopl?8 drp 'starnt; xrJ 'uorteJ ralz,Lr lrp rad uo1F3 -0t B rlBJoll? ot /t{oV 'sdrl .raterrr-lq8rl poo8 ;o srol qtr^\ ,{ooq alnrl InJasn v 'suortf,? Jaqlo pu? 8ururu.ll lalrot Jo rnl?A aqt pue stoleal etlIosr{]?ol Jno Jo lso) eqt sn Surilal aou-Ir"q a.r" ats?^l .{8;aua .rno lnr ot ,,'roq rs:88ns l11n; -tJedsJJ pu? punoJ? euJof, ot pesn t?ql sJJIJ?r?qJ uoolr?) a1llrl aSur_rts asoqa zzln6 v),orsrruBrd u"s uortBls lasuns ,IISZZ xog ssald uorl?Jrunuuo) :tuo.rJ 0Z.Zg , LL6I ,uosl'lt?H IIBpUBU 'd7VH a, asn nryll rno1 tnJ ot ctoH suorrerndo d,s,q,(;llJrl';il#:11 :ltfi sJotJq alrt? 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Jo slotJq dtrczdrc arurlaJll pue rra,{-lq-na,( alaldruor,a;aqinlue aull lsrtJ aql roJ 'sureluol tl .sroual -.ratur tuzld :amod puz sdnor8 (suJzrtrf, ot IIa^\ s? InJasn aq plno^r srs.{leue pu? qu"asrr prs?rqun 'tuollaf,xa srr{l 'uorssrululoJ ,{frlfn rrlqnd pu? seJrJJo fS;aua al"ls ot '{sertllrJ?J uortr;auaF rvrau Suruueld {urduoc dtrltn dur ot I?rrA gtlr6 V) .orsrru?rd uss 'a^v snqunloJ osz -JO II00I AN '{ro^ ^raN sep rI orld ", - or o"!1Yo'liili"33 :alull 'alqepoEeu sr sJ?npr^rprn ot arpd looq ,(I$ sr d.reruuns .ra11a1 -sanau 'Ed-9 ? |Sg roJ elq"lre^e sr std.rac -xe da4 ;o ralqdured ,td-97 el sarcuaEs luauu.raaoE ol 0OI$ ,suone.rod.ror ol S 6Z$' 9 161,. dd SlZ,y;oueuroy salrsq) 'sorutoaoeg pap snppd fipcodaS po7 g rpal?nN :acuowtoto4 %old u@od f1- 'aoud ol sr e;rnbul 'sturdrtrl;zd 0zI Jr{] ot papr,ro.rd s8/r\ {Jo/v\ uorsJe^ -uoJorq papun;-dlorzrrud puz -d1tr1qnd Jo s?eJB snorJ?A uo atepdn tsewl aqJ O1glg -ll,uEledrueq3 IIBH IUIIII9II srourllJ Jo .^lun sssruotg ruoq slend 'proo] aJuereJuo) .sreas -g pl"uou :uro{ elq? -Ue^e 'LL6l ,6I-gI [.rdv ,s8utpaaco,t4 utntsodwrtg ssoutorg uto"tt s1ang VAU1I f.J- 'tu"at lS.laua pur,,rr s,ltrs.la,rrun arrlg uo8a.r6 Jo tred a;z dassauuall I J3I?g '?apr srr{t uo salpnts luasa;d puz rsed aqt Surqursap pu? uounlos lerrlrr.rd e Surpur; ,{q paurr8 srrJaueq aqr 'ua1qo.rd aql Surqursap 'ltroJJr teqr ;o arepdn ll"-aqt-Jo-al?ts ? sr alrrtr? stql 'paads pur,4A u?aur :qr liuo Sursn alrs E te ;anodpurinr alq?lr?Az agl Surl?Lu -rtsa llat?JnrJ? Jo poqraur ..1nf,-lroqs,, ? PulJ o1 s.rzal luara; ur 8ur,,fu1 ulaq aABq srrqJJeasa: lS.raua pur,n 'srsrrr l3 -rrue I?uor]?u .l.no 1o sntadur aqt uJArt 0IOO9'It'uolEut.rreg .a^v e^or5.s I0€I 'o3 Surqsllqn4 l"rruqJal Surraaur8ug ra.no6 :ruou g0z 'o51 luuda; qrru141 roJ {s? '2251 qcnyl'Sut,taaulEug nmo4 ur ''"rf '{assauueH 'iI.I pu" ra{Bg 'g'U dq .,1urrualo6 n^rod pur11 furleurytsg,, f.I- .ureal or pr?q os pslJo/r\ il{ l?r{1r\ 3SOI Ot aU?qS B Jfl 'aruar.radxa alll slq Jo tno looq e ;o lraf -ord d.rorsrq I?Jo u? al?ur JIr,r euo)ruos t?qt JO ',4Aoq-A/rou>l srq uo ssrd pue sarnua;ddz euros uo r>lzl ot U)l l8Jaur aqt s?q aq adoq a.rns I 'g'S'V Jo rrt) tlllq ot adola,rua padurrs ,€ I iprssalpp? -JIas ? qtr/v\ '.{tanb .rno.,{ puas .slJnu -purl\ ttz.,t\-000€ o^rt dq para,Lrod are doqsl.rom pu? rul?J ,3snoq srH .suratsfs f,rrlral3-pur1r\ q]l.r aruar.ladxa llrep 1o s:ea.{ gg ra^o peq s{eH 'Is" ol u?ru aql sl urt.l?w 'ualsls isJrJlJslo s,au:oq .rno.,( ol dn SurtcauuoJ pu? 8ur-rolsar a;,nol sqoref plo u? tnoq? suortsanb an,nol 11 €S€9S NI I'stellw V-66 xog,7 .rg 'rul'f,'s'v '0I$ roJ'rdTsanssr g,aur',fetu ^S::;i to sactnog aotloutaxlv Jo Jnssr qJEe ur 'ddof urlr"W ,{q ..sra.trsuy urlJ?W' 7 '7 2,161 aunf plyy g1 a3e6
F ? r r stall a separate urine toilet (3 g"f ton n"1t f.;;;;*d ;; June 1977 RAIN page 11 COMPOST PRIVY UPDATE Owner-bu.ilt compost privies, costing less than $50 to build, are receiving more and more attenti6n as cosrs of conventional sewer or sepric tank systems become several thousand dollars per nouse. Compost privies generally rely on some combina_ uon oI rhree processes for preventing possible disease prob_ lems., 1) "Hot" composting that l.,r.iah. f,."i "i "..obi. .orn- ||:llg^ r: krlt parhogens and.evaporare urine, 2) Biological p_reoators-bugs in normal soil that ear the pathogens, ind 3) Ho.stile environments (cold, ulrraviolet, pHj etc.)*that starve' .:ll:l :Tflhogens. Retention rim.-iJ*irjir," sewase wnere noth_rngcan get to it for six months tJa year (asin a Llvus or )J-gal. drum privy) forms a combination of the lat_ ter rwo processes. In the absence of thorough health testingof many unirs, and because of .the .variability Jf operating praE_ tices, many people-use a redundant .o-birr"rL'n of tn?i. pro_ cesses to.ensure safety-often, performing a hot compost process on rhe wastes after they have been iiolated fo. i p.riJof time, and then restricting the use of tn. .ornp*t on food crops, play areas, etc. Detailed health studies of the first two processes have been la.de and they seem to operare satisfacrorily under most con_ ditions, but rreatment by hostile .nui.onrn.'nr, f r.nr.._p*_ hensive study. Claims hjve been -ra., *lin u"riou, a.gr"i, of substantiation, that exposure to the sun, cold and bacteria populations of soil through a winter is ad.quai. treatmenr in ::T.:..1t-j,,... Adding lime or wood ashes ,o -ou. the pH aoove IL) (a common privy management process),topr rn_ 1:T.?]: dl8esrion and producrion oT odors,'and may by itself provlcle- adequate treatment. And just setting the wastes aside in a sealed but vented 5S-gallon dium for an'extended period has.been proposed as the iimpler,,"f. *"y-,o'a."t *itti;;;;g. health problems. Thorough resting on ,n"1. f.oposals needs to be carried out .lnitial experience with both commercial and home_built units has revealed a number of common op.ruiion"t proli.rn, ;*:_T::,f .,-l1ral. be i1S overu se and urine overload.'M;;; ;i tne rnltlal demonstration Clivus installations were made in demonstration houses, schools o,,.r."..t lnriitut., "nd :il:l :l ::l"1ns 1a1r m.ore people than the single famity for ylrlch rhe{,were designed. Beer parties, campgro'und use, or nome rnsrallations where little kitchen *^rt. iu", added to compost and generate heat to evaporate moisture have caused waterlogging and anaerobic action (and smell) in large units and physical overflow in small oner The smail, etect"ricattyheated units have.had problems with arying ;r'baking the' wastes into brick-hard masses. Exhaust i"nl in bathrJoms with compost toilets have drawn the exhaust from the toilets into the room (solution, put rhe fan in the toif.i u.nt stack). The vent systems of many models draw from 2O to 4O cubic feet or atr per mlnute out of the house. During hcating seasons, that can be a significant hea^r.loss, The ma"in ;;;biems, however, conrinue to be l) urine, 2) flies, 3) smells anh +i nealttl sai.1y-' (pathogen destruction). .O Urine is a problem because almost every compost privy is based on aerobic composring, and the -oi'rrri. l" the urine Keeps alr trom the wastes. As a result, many privy builders try to separare as much of the urine ", poriibl. fiom the compost pile. Some, such as the Farallones urban house, in_ l s \. and pyrethium spray h"ave b.en us.J f;;?;;;;"j, Farallones' most recent composting priay, with seat and platform built for squatting or sitting. holding tank, which dilutes rhe urine auromatically for appli_ cation.to a garden. Others, such as Ken Kern, let the urine I'lt:r t^hl:ugl' the.compost and drain into an anaerobic (septic) ,,,Tf:-Srill others (Biopot desjgn) filter the urine through ' lrmestone, ashes and charcoal to neutralize it before Aiinlng into a soak pit. And some peopie p". or, ,...r. a Flies are alway.s a problem to deal with. They can wiggle lf l"r,g.h aery, small spaces, and it takes .*tr...iy carefu'i"craftr mansnlp and penodic monitoring (particularly on large units) to seal access points and keep rh'em sealed. The 55_gailon *l:ll: score high here again because of their so"lid, strong a.ncl slmple construction. Vents should be screened with mesh" fine enough to exclude fruit flies <-"ifJf"fro- laboratory s^upply houses, or use cloth.and windowscreen)- Even a peif:.;Y ::,11.., unit witl.get flies in tt a"rirj rr..'Spiders, beetles, O Odors are usually tied ro anaerobic activiry caused by urine wate.rlogging, and to the absence of adequate venting, and is usu.ally solved by resolving rhose problems (insulatin"g tank, 1dd.r.ng garden wasres, using windiurbine fans on top"of stack, dealing with urine separatiiy). Addition of cellulose_(planr) material is necessary in mosr situations.to provide carbbn-nitrogen balance for composting, to maintain a loose enough pile foi air to infiltrat. .".ily, uni toa.bsorb excess liquids. Moit_privy makers now warn againsr use ot sawdust, as ir is very. difficuit ro compost, requirJs a lot of oxygen for its own breikdown, ancl compacts into the pile . Straw, dirt, garden and kitchen clippings r..- ,o get highest scores from most people. Legalization of owner-built units still remains a hurdle in most areas. The Oregon legislature is now considering a bill to tegatne compost toilets. Drum privies can now be*legally constructed in Marin and Mendocino Counties in CalifJrnia. Though commelcially-made compost toilets "r" no* legal in a number of states, they almost invariably have not tested or approved owner-built units. A broad testing program ro resolve r^?T..""of the remaining que.stions of perfoniancJand reliabiliry of drtterent designs is needed to male broader legalization possible.
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