RAIN VOLUME I, NUMBER 8 MAY 1975
Page 2 RAIN is a publication of Eco-Net, an environmental education network funded by the Hill Family Foundation and an Environmental Education Grant from the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The office is at the Environmental Education Center, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207. Director: Don Stotler. Energy Center I Oregon Museum of Science and Industry 4015 S.W. Canyon Rd., Portland, Or. 97221 503-248-5900 or 248-5920 Linda Craig, Lee Johnson, Mary Lawrence, Shabtay Levy, Rusty Whitney, Rick Siewert RAIN I Environmental Education Center Portland State University Portland, Or. 97221 (Room 317, Lincoln Hall) 229-4692 Anita Helle, Lee Johnson, Steve Johnson (editor), Mary Wells (layout, design) Environmental Education Center Portland State University Portland, Or. 97207 (Room 373, Lincoln Hall) 229-4682 Randi Krogstad, Don Stotler Cover Photo: Ancil Nance Typesetting: Irish Setter ~PLEASE NOTE Laura Williamson, former manager of the Environmental Education Center, is now working at OSPIRG coordinating the work of student interms. She can be reached there: 408 S.W. 2nd, Portland, Or. 97204. (503) 222-9641. Rain~7 cover. Steve, Anita, and Lee sharing a small pie. Sorry, bad print job. €GRICULTURE · FOO~ Alternative Market Newsletter P.O. Box 554 Republic, Wn. 99166 An outgrowth of the Nov. '74 agriculture conference. The newsletter serves as a vehicle of communication among food coops, food producers and small trucking groups. The first issue has a listing of over 100 food coops in the northwest. RAIN UPDATE First things first. We are in the process of hiring a person to help us set up the subscription base for RAIN (will be hired by the time you read this). We are taking time, so please bear with us, especially those of you who may not want to be receiving RAIN or thos~ of you receiving several copies. It's a large task to sift through the mailing list, and, as presently staffed, we barely have time to make corrections and additions as they come in. But it will for sure happen before the next issue. A curious stage of development. It seems that the information flowing our way comes in waves. For example, this month we got notices of several women's consciousness groups, review copies of books about women, etc. And I don'.t really have an explanation, but we're not in a position right now to judge such materials. We expect to do a top to bottom, side to side analysis of RAIN's scope, come up with editorial guidelines, etc., but it will probably have to wait till this summer when we can look at it from a discrete distance. The same is true for other subject areas: some areas of information we've dropped temporarily (such as games) because we were deluged with press releases about new teaching aid/games with inadequate background to judge, review, select. We are interested in some of the subject areas we've temporarily banned, but we feel we should sit back for awhile, stUdy the area and/or find someone with the necessary background to act as sub-editor. In general: it is very difficult for us to respond to skeletal press release-type information, especially in regard to books, magazines, etc, and when we've had no previous contact with the sender. Sometimes we will enter the information when it seems the resource is sufficiently unique-one of a kind. But, please, if you can afford it, send as complete information as possible. The RAIN Catalog is in process. We are researching the areas of information we've covered so far in RAIN and updating, correcting. Most importantly, we are filling out the information base to form the sections into introductory guides. If you would like to help in this process, write to us about resources we've failed to mention, or write telling us what areas you might be able to help with. Trees of Washington \L Cooperative Extension Service College of Agriculture Washington State University · Pullman, Wn. 99163 Revised. Free. 41 pp. Bulletin No. 440. American Farmers and the Rise of Agribusiness: Seeds of Struggle. Arno Press New York Times Co. 330 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10017 Arno is an established reprint publishing house, and this collection, which in total (46 books) costs $1,200, is obviously a library purchase. (Editions may be bought separately but not inexpensively.) For anyone doing research on the politics of agriculture in the U.S., this is an important collection. (Write for description of the books in collection.) They have also made available the Annual Agriculture Economics bibliographies which were published by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture from 1929 to 1942. Steve johnson The Hows and Whys of Food Coops Environmental Action Bulletin 33 E. Minor St. Emmaus, Pa. 19049 March 22, 1975 issue. Devoted to survey of food cooperative ventures around the country; regional buying networks, and description of Pumpkin Sour and other canning cooperatives, started by the Ball Corporation. (Joel M. jackson, Food Preservation Program, Ball Corporation, 1509 Macedonia Ave., Muncie, Indiana 47302.) Organic Farming Yearbook of Agriculture, edited by Ray Wolf. $2.9S ppbk from: Rodale Press Organic Park Emmaus, Pa. 18049 How large-scale commercial organic farmers are flourishing amidst high fertilizer and pesticide costs, increased insect and weed resistance, drought and soil erosion. From "What it is" to animal manure, sewage sludge, weed and bug solutions, and marketing. You'lllearn a lot just reading the index in the back.
Jriltb ~etvsletter P.O. Box 2.382 Olympia, Wn. 98507 Serving as a communication vehicle for participants in the Nov. 74 Ellensberg conference on agriculture, relating developments in the groups spawned by that gathering as well as news of legislation (mostly in Washington) affecting small towns, rural areas and farmers; abstracts of books and articles; trends in agriculture and energy. Though some of the areas of information they deal with overlap with our own, the support of a rural based communication vehicle in the Northwest seems essential. Subscription is $5/yr. Or send donation and SASE for sample copy. "High Net Energy Environmental Farm Demonstration Proposal" available from: J. Anthony Angell, Supervisor Environmental Education, Northwest Section Intermediate School District #110 100 Crockett St. Seattle, Wn. 98109 (206) 284-3660 Chinese farmers put 5 calories of food energy on the table for every 1 calorie used in the fields; that is, their methods produce a "net gain" in the amount of energy available to their society. They have a "high net energy" way of doing things. American agriculture, on the other hand, is so dependent on oil and gas for fertilizer, fuel, pesticides and herbicides that we put 20 calories in and get only 1 calorie out on our plates. Our methods produce either a "net loss" in energy or, at best, have "very low net energy efficiencies. With seed money already granted from the Washington State Supt. of Public Instruction, this proposal seeks federal and foundation funding to demonstrate a more energyefficient farm-to-market-to-consumer system. €RCHITECTURE ) Solar Greenhouses $40 to $800 from: Richard S. Speed SOLTEC 70 Adams St. Denver, Colo. 80206 (303) 333-8869 Kits for three models: mini solar greenhouse, residential solar-heated greenhouse and commercial solar greenhouse. Write for brochure. Paper Houses, by Sheppard, Threadgill & Holmes, 1974. $6.95 ppbk from: Schocken Books 200 Madison Ave. New York, N.Y. 10016 An entertaining "how to" by people who did. Paper house history and survey; geodesic, zome and folded-plate structure design; construction methods. They take you through the entire process in building an edge truncated cube. Clear photos and drawings. Bibliography. Remember, wood is one of our few renewable resources. Solar Energy Housing Design in 4 Climates, 1975, 250 pgs. $12.95 softcover from: TEA-Total Environmental Action 12 Church Hill Harrisville, N.H. 03450 (603) 827-3374 While analyzing solar heating systems for housing and designing solar homes for 4 different U.S. climates, under contract to the AlA, TEA learned how to 1) use energy conservation techniques to reduce energy demand 30 to 50 percent, 2) use passive (no moving parts, fluids, pumps, fans) and active solar energy collection methods to save another 25 to 45 percent and 3) use electricity and gas only during off-peak times to reduce utility company peak-load requirements on which the need for new power plants is based. Well-illustrated, technically correct and humanly sensitive. TEA's critique of the National Bureau of Standards' "Performance Criteria for Solar Dwellings" ·questions the idea that expensive mechanical systems should be designed using inflexible rules applied by the same professionals who specialized in providing us with energy-wasting shelter in the past. Should be in every architect and building system engineer's office: very useful to the layman "design-it-and-do-it-yourselfer." Interim Performance Criteria for Solar Heating and Combined Heating/Cooling Systems and Dtvellings Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 #003-003-01388, class c-13 6/2 so4 $1.90 Developed by the National Bureau of Standards under contract to HUD. Retrofitting Existing Housing for Energy Conservation: An Economic Analysis. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 #c13.29: 2/c4. $1.35 By the National Bureau of Standards. Studies the amount of insulation possible (above previously accepted averages) for maximum energy conservation. See also pages 7, 8 & 9 Page 3 <;u010 VISUAL ) California Video Resources Project San Francisco Public Library Civic Center San Francisco, Ca. 94102 Newsletter. Coverage of news of use of video/cable in California libraries; evaluation of video equipment; reviews of commercial and community video tapes. $20 for out of California libraries and institutions; $10 individuals. Video tools CTL Electronics Inc. 56 W. Broadway New York, N.Y. 10007 $5 .00. A consumer's guide (kind of like Whole Earth Catalog) to 1/2" and 3/4" video hardware. (Input for catalog by a broadbased group of people, including TVTV, Video America ...). Media America P.O. Box 25032 Seattle, Wn. 98125 First annual small format film and video festival. Entry and fee by July 15. $500 first prize. $8 entry fee. Jeff Tobolski, festival director. ACCESS National Citizens Committee for Broadcasting 1346 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Rm. 525 Washington, D.C. 20036 Started by Nicholas Johnson (Talking Back to Your Television). Information regards access to public/mass media (its focus); also developments in cable systems, watchdogging the FCC. Bi-weekly $20/yr. Jrelevisions Community Video 2414 18th, N.W. (P.O. Box 21068) Washington, D.C. 20036 Previously Community Video Reportreviewed in Rain #4. 10 issues/yr., $10. Broadcast TV, health and social services communications, women and minority use of media, hardware, print source review ... Open Circuit Television Box 5463 Seattle, Wn. 98105 Currently working on documenting Ecotope's methane project and conducting video workshops at the Seattle Public Library (May 3, May 22). continued on page 4
Page 4 AUDIO VISUAL continued from page 3 Community Video Exchange Milwaukie Public Library 814 W. Wisconsin Ave. Milwaukie, Wi. 53233 Lots of talk about attempts to get libraries involved in non-print materials; into image, video, audio, film collections; and this sounds like a project that's gone a long way. They have a catalog of over 200 tapes available and offer equipment and training to the public. Video Clearing House P.O. Drawer 33000 R Miami, Fla. 3313 3 A non-profit corporation with a growing library of video tape instructional material; especially designed for materials on the college level. (First newsletter lists video tapes now available.) Prices for purchases range from $70 to $120. Built Environment Communication Center School of Architecture & Landscape Architecture University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minn. 5 545 5 (612) 373-2198 Though the tapes listed in their catalog are available for students at the university, they are into exchange with other video tape producers. And it sounds like some very good tapes, as well as ones of local importance: Ouroboros, Anthony Judge, Larry Pederson, Joel Schatz, Buckminster Fuller, sounds of dolphins ... €oMMUNITY ) Assessing Your Community (on overlay maps) Northwest Community Education Development Center University of Oregon 1724 Moss St. Eugene, Or. 97403 70ri. This is a good workbook for teachers and others involved in community understanding. A guideline similar to the Yellow Pages of Learning Resources, though with the goal of actual inventory of neighborhood community resources. Berkeley, California Pest Control Bill and Helga Olkowski (founders of the Berkeley Ecology & Recycling Centers) for the last three years have worked with the city of Berkeley and members of the Dept. of Entomological Science at the Univ. of California and have developed a system of pest control that has just about eliminated the use of chemicals, mostly by importing and using other insect enemies of the pests. In the process, the city of Berkeley has saved about $22,500 a year. Institute for Local Self Reliance 1717 18th St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 (202) 232-4108 Investigating the potential of a variety of economic and technological alternatives for urban self reliance. They provide information to individuals, cities, organizations concerned with local initiative and independence. Through Communitas, university without walls, they help in the design of urban and community development classes (leading to B.S., B.A. degrees). The list of publications illustrates the range of concerns. They will soon be publishing a monthly newsletter, Self Reliance. (They, not as stated in our directoryCommunity Technology, will be publishing this magazine.) Energy, Agriculture and Neighborhood Food Systems (75ri); Proposal for a Neighborhood Food/Waste/Energy System (7Sri); Hydroponics, 3 Parts ($1.00); Composting in the City (SOrt); Necessary Land for Various Diets and Production Schemes (2 Sri); Decentralized Food Production Research (25ri); Urban Aquaculture Comes ofAge (25ri); Who Takes Out the Garbage in D.C.? (75ri); Waste Treatment in D.C. (25ri); Dawning of Solar Cells ($1.50); Large Scale Sprouting: A Cottage Industry (75ri); Urban Gardening Chart ($2.00). (EDUCATION ) Acclimatization Steve VanMatre American Camping Association Bradford Woods Martinsville, In. 46151 $3.25. What I think distinguishes this "field trip experience" book is the notso-self-conscious, not-so-abstract teaching approach. Instead, the exercises and involvement tactics are sensuous, tactual, poetic, making it as useful for teachers as students (or for most any person). Household Energy Game Sea Grant Communications Office 1800 University Ave. Madison, Wi. 53706 A nicely-done "game" similar in some ways to "Lifestyle Index," with ways of measuring personal energy habits. Good for school use. Oregon Small Schools Association· State Dept. of Education 942 Lancaster Dr., N.E. Salem, Or. 97310 A voluntary self-improvement program for small schools (public and non-public) to provide for themselves above and beyond what the Dept. of Education can offer. A summer institute planned. Newsletter. Write for details. Only One Earth Dept. of Public Information Pennsylvania Station 312 Old Main University Park, Pa. 16802 It is a free, nicely done monthly, using a selection of prompting style articles written by Univ. of Penn. teachers (on energy, architecture, environment), with authors' addresses for reader participation. SCORE, Inc. (Student Competitions on Relevant Engineering) Rm. 5-336 Mass. Institute of Technology Cambridge, Ma. 02139 Design competition aimed at encouraging students to experiment with alternative energy sources in home and small industries; contact Mark Radke. Alternatives in Secondary Education School District # 1 League of Women Voters 208 Senator Bldg. Portland, Or. 97204 40ri. Short review of how the schools and schools within schools are working, with a listing of those programs available in the Portland area. Sunfund Friends of Can Inc. 30 East 68th New York, N.Y. 10021 (212) 879-9736 Projects include working on a solar exhibit for the Smithsonian, slide show, resource library, and plans to work on a large National Alternative Energy conference.
Page 5 Self-sufficiency, Energy, Rural Skills Schools and Programs an in process listing; tell us what is missing. Antioch College West Rt. 1, Box 28A Winters, Ca. 95694 80-acre organic farm, work and studies program. Solar Utilization, now short courses Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85281 Short course in solar energy application to buildings, offered in January, will be repeated May 19-23, solar experts from around the country giving lectures. Coordinated by Jeffrey Cook and Dr. Byard Wood. $325 tuition. Alternative Energy Fair School of Environmental Studies & Planning California State College, Sonoma Rohnert Park, Ca. 94928 May 10 and 11. An exchange of information, gathering, celebration, on alternative energy design. Low cost designs for alternative energy system. Compost privies, pyramids, methane digesters, solar collectors, working examples on campus. Central Washington State College Office of Continuing Education & Summer Session Ellensburg, Wn. 98926 The rural skills offerings are increasing as well as courses in "foods found in the wilds," plant ecology, elements of natural living. Contact: J. E. Baldi. Farrallones Institute P.O. Box 700 Point Reyes Station, Ca. 94956 Apprenticeship program in four areas of study: architecture, small scale natural energy systems, design with nature, small scale coherence & economy, use and development of an integral urban homestead. Good Earth Evergreen State College Olympia, Wn. Coordinated study for 60-80 students in small scale farming; reading a lab work; soil preparation, sowing, irrigating and harvesting of crop grasses; apiary practice; methane production, animal husbandry. Niels Skov, coordinator. Limesaddle Rt. 1, Box 191 Oroville, Ca. 95965 20 acres of rock and manzanita, ripped apart by hydraulic mining. "We're going to take this torn apart property and put it back together as an ecologically balanced highly productive mini-village learning center where we can develop, test and teach methods of reclaiming abused land, organic agriculture, homesteading skills, recycling, natural energy production and cooperative living." Energy Center Linfield Research Institute Linfield College McMinnville, Or. 5 week, 5 credit course on alternative energy. Summer session June to July. High Valley Summer Session Rt. 1, Box 1670 Washougal, Wn. 98671 During the first three weeks in August, an educational-participatory summer session at High Valley, Skamania Co., Washington, will combine classroom instruction in energetics, ecology and productivity with direct involvement in the High Valley alternative life style. All good things from college transfer credit in anthropology to organic gardening or building your own shelter are in the program. Costs for one, two or all three weeks will run $110/week far living expenses and instruction; if transfer credit is desired, the costs will be $100/week plus PSU summer term tuition for 2, 4 or 6 credits. Enrollment is limited, so plan now for Aug. 4 through 24th at High Valley. Living Lightly Oregon Museum of Science & Industry 4015 S.W. Canyon Rd. Portland,Or.97221 A week-long series of classes, demonstrations, discussions on resourceconserving lifestyles, underground houses, energy conservation in buildings, wood stoves, etc. Contact: Linda Craig. Living Learning Center Southern Oregon College Ashland, Or. 97520 Self sufficiency, appropriate technology classes and workshops. Living Systems Institute Marylhurst Education Center Marylhurst, Or. 97036 "A World of Sense," a series of ten weekly workshops on principles of food production by organic, ecologically sound, money saving methods. Soil testing, garden design, plant propagation and care, nutrition and diet, pioneer agriculture. Fee $20 for ten . sessions. Pitzer College Office of External Studies Oaremont, Ca. 91711 · Art, alternative energy and environment summer workshop. June 16-July 11. A 4-week intensive workshop for two course credits. Conducted at Pitzer's Thompson Ranch wilderness preserve in San Gabriel Mountains. $650 tuition, room and board. Rural Apprenticeship Program Rt. 1, Box 14 Perhastin, Wn. 98847 Kind of like a foreign exchange student program for urbanites wanting to work and live, and thus learn, on small farms (I think still in formative stages). Red Barn Program Eastern Washington State College Cheney,Wn. 99004 For summer 1975: windpower, composting, organic gardening, traditional American crafts, primitive and folk medicines. Also workshops in spinning, weaving, blacksmithing, eating wild foods. Horace R. Simms, program coordinator. Rural Skills Workshops P.O. Box 6093 Seattle, Wn. 98188 Short workshop program in shelter, energy systems, spring planting, etc. Contact: Bill O'Neill. School of Country Living c/o Carla Emergy Kendrick,Id.83537 This summer, courses in tanning, weaving, beekeeping, harnessing and working with horses. (Carla is the one who put together a rather incredible cookbook reviewed in Rain # 3 .) Solar Energy Center University of Oregon Eugene, Or. 97401 May 15: Forum-heat exchangers, controls, instrumentation. May 22: Eugene Water Electric Board progress report. May 29: U.S. Solar Thermal Collector Group progress report. June 5: U.O. Solar Applications group progress report.
Page 6 EDUCATION continued from page 5 Energy Environmental Center Update Passive Energy Systems Research and Consulting A.J. Davis P.O. Box 499 Blacksburg, Va. 24060 Researching, building low technology alternative energy source hardware, mostly solar and wind. Involved in environmental education and energy building design. Pt!blications : Alternative Natural Energy Sources in Building Design, $7 .00. Energy Information Center James C. Logan, Exec. Director Newmarket, N.H. 03857 (603) 659-5774 Professional evaluation of energy management in offices, factories and homes; staff training programs; general public, high school and college lecture series; new product consultation; resource library. Write for details. Alternative Sources of Energy Collective Pam Hurd Environmental Studies Board University of California Santa Cruz, Ca. 95064 (408) 429-2104 Resource library, community education on energy conservation and renewable sources of energy. Formerly Autonomous Dwellings Collective with emphasis on self-sufficient housing. Operation Sundance Malcolm Lillywhite, Director Evergreen Open Living School Rt. 6, Box 63 Evergreen, Colo. 80439 (303) 674-6633 An interdisciplinary environmental education program which emphasizes solar energy and other natural energy as alternative energy sources. Children, staff, parents and community volunteers together develop solutions for local environmental programs, using the concept of domestic technology. Funded by Title Ill, ESEA Contract # 8767. Conservation Tools & Technology Hugh Sharman & Derek Partridge 4 Lonsdale Rd. London SW 13 England Formerly Andrew McKillop's Low Impact Technology, renamed and moved to London. Ask for their list of publications and conservation tools. GNERGY ) Long Island Alternative Energy Study is being undertaken by Dubin-MindellBloome Associates, hired by Suffolk County Department of Environment. They will be studying energy consumption/use patterns and, among other things, will be exploring·the possibilities of both solar and wind energy for the area's 2.5 million inhabitants. 42 W. 39th St., New York, N.Y. 10018. "Solid State Temperature Sensor Outperforms Previous Transducers." Electronics Magazine, March 10, 1975. The silicon transducer only recently recently available to industry, though used by the military for nearly 10 years, is inexpensive ($15) and very useful in measuring solar collector temperatures in order to adjust fluid flow rates, orientation or tilt for increasing heat collection and efficiency. Technology Application Center University of New Mexico Albuquerque, N.M. 87131 (805) 277-3622 Designated by NASA-Lewis Research Center to disseminate technical reports produced by Lewis relating to terrestrial energy. Write for their flyer describing Lewis documents currently available. From: Preliminary draft of update to Solar Energy for Pacific Northwest Buildings. John Reynolds & Steven Baker. With changes of important magnitude from previous findings. School of Architecture & Allied Arts, University of Oregon, Eugene, Or. 97403. (Send SOd for update.) Oil week Observer Publishing Co. 2420 Wilson Blvd. Arlington, Va. 22201 $60/yr. A reporting service (Observer Co. has several) published weekly. Trends in the oil industry, national and international. Research and legislation affecting the oil industry. Profits slide in 4th quarter Net Income Net Income Fourth Quarter ~Cain 1974 %Gain (in millions) over 1973 (in milUons) over 1973 Amerada Hess 61.q - 39.3 20J.9 - 17.9 A reo 96.9 6 474.6 75.6 Ashland 38.6 12 f/sCill JINr tnds Stp. JO Cit go 46.4 10 7 203.8 50 Clark - 7.15 - 123 Contancntal 61. - 30.8 327.6 35 Exxon 854.5 9 s 3,100.0 28.5 Geuy 58.6 12.3 181.0 97.6 Gulf 185.0 -20 1.065.0 33 Marathon 40.9 -28 170.5 32.0 Mobil 136.3 -51 1,040.0 22.0 Phillips 84.5 -3 402.1 74.7 Shell 158.2 99.2 620.5 87.0 Skelly 35.5 113.3 158 Sohio 34.5 67.4 147.5 65.0 SoCal 293.0 970.0 15 Standard of Indiana 174.8 44 970.3 90 Sun 54.0 -38.8 378.0 64.3 Tenneco 76.5 - 5.4 321.5 4 Texaco 319.8 -29.5 1,586.4 22.8 Union 55.5 8.8 288.0 60.0 Battelle's Columbus Laboratories, under the sponsorship of 12 Japanese companies, is conducting a worldwide survey of municipal incineration systems that permit recovery of energy. Funding for initial establishment of a Geo-Heat (geothermal) Utilization Center has been granted by the Pacific Northwest Regional Commission to the Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls. Director: Paul J. Lienau. Energy Reporter (monthly). Free from: Energy Reporter Registration Federal Energy Administration Old Post Office Bldg., Rm 307B Washington, D.C. 20461 Also ask to receive notices of new FEA publications. 8 Yur Average Daily Radiation in Langleys: Corvallis { 1 langley equals 3. 69 btu's I squ. foot) Horizontal Surface at National Weather Service - Hyslop Field Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon (44 38 ' l') DATE JAN FEB HAR APR HAY JUl. AUG SEP OCT NO\' DEC 85 112 174 195 378 549 569 495 399 331 144 70 78 124 189 314 480 503 6 73 541 446 312 181 68 120 111 163 387 448 480 681 533 428 300 136 87 4 101 97 165 306 420 549 554 420 421 267 129 75 5· .. . . .•. . 87 • . •.•. ·89 ••••• ·182 . .. .• ·330 ••••.• 374 ••• •. ·516 •••. .. 556 •••• • · 506 . •••• · 368 .•. .• ·289 ••• • • ·144 ••. .•. . 64 6 95 121 205 326 316 453 508 494 380 268 144 90 7 92 168 259 339 419 539 533 515 399 276 111 73 8 85 161 275 . 288 408 468 512 532 401 281 93 65 9 102 124 199 239 353 453 469 533 406 235 114 72 10 · . .. . . · 109 . .. .• · 135 ••••• ·163 • • . •• • 351· •••• ·457 ••. •. . 518 .. . .. · 516 . . .••• 578 . . . . •• 359 • • • ••• 202 •• • •• ·118 •• . - • • · 89 11 77 145 213 359 478 474 575 552 432 168 134 97 12 82 125 214 302 488 601 655 450 397 208 109 74 13 68 142 223 353 539 568 590 471 384 210 108 58 14 87 125 207 339 519 456 623 508 361 261 101 55 15· .•••••. 57 . .... · 123 ..•.. · 249 • . .... 410 .. •.. . 445 . .. ... 481· . . . . ·6 38 ..•.. . 489 .•• ... 350 • • . • • · 260 . . . ••• -97 ..•..• . 46 16 71 125 243 326 535 571 543 446 389 261 112 50 17 104 112 331 320 502 538 600 50 7 382 210 6 7 9 3 18 99 134 288 270 511 620 591 473 310 225 73 43 19 110 137 268 331 535 600 606 446 320 150 138 39 20· • •.• • ·129 •. • . . ·182 . • . . • . 324 • •.• •• 272 · .•• •• 420 • .•••. 572 . .. .. ·549 •• . . • ·459 ••••• ·263· •••• ·132 ••..• •• 61· .... •. 39 21 122 165 249 348 558 560 599 434 271 139 65 66 22 123 168 211 394 408 516 570 469 297 129 63 55 23 98 183 269 339 470 528 595 428 349 147 42 57 24 117 181 241 353 442 473 596 381 357 180 74 67 25· . ••.• ·129 •••• ••208· •••• •241· •• . . . 424 • . . •.. 484 .•. .. •516 ... .• •562•..•• · 484 ..• • . •347• •• • . · 112 •• • • ••• 80 .•. .. .. 97 26 116 191 206 334 494 538 566 472 346 164 70 72 27 122 183 242 367 544 499 541 441 403 121 97 82 28 137 126 257 400 576 552 607 469 306 168 111 54 29 114 293 347 514 541 561 470 311 205 114 66 30 ••. ..•. . 9 3· .•.. •... • • • . •. 308 . . . ••. 376 •••• •. 532 .. .• .. 59 7 ..•.. - 569 . ••. .• 332 •• • ••• 345 •••. •• 15 2 •.... •• 77 • • •••• • 64 31 113 292 573 514 341 118 78 Monthly Total Average . per day 3, 122 101 3,997 7,343 143 237 10,039 14, 620 15,829 334 472 528 17,821 14 ,669 10, 927 6, 541 3, 107 2. 105 515 473 364 211 104 68
How to Set Up a Coal or Wood Stove, 2 pgs. and Home Heating in an Emergency, 15 pgs. Both free from: Cooperative Extension Service University of New Hampshire Durham, N.H. 03824 Does anyone know where to get booklets like this in the Pacific Northwest? Ask for their publications list. Wood Stove Plans and Manuals from: Jim Fisk c/o Toby Farm Dennis, Cape Cod, Mass. Designs and instructions for building stoves for heat, cooking, oven baking, supplementary hot water, with afterburner system. The Complete Book ofHeating with Wood, by Larry Gay. $3 from: Garden Way Publishing Charlotte, Vt. 05445 It's all here: environmental impact, picking the tree, felling, hauling, bucking, splitting, seasoning, wood combustion, modern stoves, airtight, tile and soapstone stoves, old stoves, the c4imney, heat exchangers. Nice drawings. Excellent companion to Hot Water (Rain 2, p. 8 ... solar collectors and wood heat) and Jim Fisk's Wood Stove Plans and Manuals. Ask for publication list. Interim Report on Solar Heating and Cooling Program. Free from: ERDA Technical Information Center P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, Tenn. 37830 Submitted to Congress April 7, 1975, calls for the demonstration of solar heating by late 1977 and the demonstration of combined solar heating and cooling by late 1979. Approximately 25 percent of our nation's current energy use is to heat and cool buildings and supply domestic hot water. For each 1 percent of all U.S. buildings that could be equipped with solar H&C systems, about 30 million barrels of oil would be saved annually. Energy, Environment and Building, by Philip Steadman. $5.95 ppbk from: Cambridge University Press 32 E. 57th St. New York, N.Y. 10022 Energy conservation in buildings, solar energy for water and space heating, directory and maps of solar heated buildings in the U.S., windpower, small scale water power, composting waste treatment and methane gas, water conservation and local water collection covered in a clear and easy way. This and the Energy Primer (Rain 6, midsection foldout) will bring you up to date quickly. Page 7 Windmill Survey New Mexico State University's College of Agriculture recently conducted a survey to determine the condition of U.S. windmills. Results: about 15,000 are in A-1 working condition, and 60,000-70,000 ·can be restored. About half the existing 175,000 windmills have deteriorated beyond repair. The college plans to add a ---;::course in windmill repair to its curriculum. - According to the college's Morgan Ras- -~ mussen, "Ranchers and farmers all over ~~:::«<·~"=:~:~ ~ are looking for ways to save on ·energy -~~ costs, and that explains the reason for the ~~,~~~~~~~~~1l~~~~~o~:.:..".'" present windmill comeback. Windmills are Save Energy: Save Money! by Sandra & Eugene Eccli, Dec. 1974, 40 pgs. Free from: The National Center for Community Action Network Services: Energy 1711 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009 or from your county Energy Affairs Assistant (EAA) in your local Community Action Agency if you live in Washington state. See list this page. Well-illustrated, straightforward "howto-do-it" home energy conservation booklet by the co-editors of Alternative Sources of Energy magazine. More tips on how to save energy than most manuals supplied by utility companies: sealing the house against heat loss, getting heat where you need it when you want it, using the sun, furnaces-stovesfireplaces, appliance savings, do-it-yourself projects, what to do in emergencies. Includes a list of OEO Regional Offices who can help you winterize your home, get heating fuel and gasoline. Synerjy: A Directory ofEnergy Alternatives. $10 per year, twice yearly from: Jeff Twine, Publisher Synerjy P.O. Box 4790 Grand Central Station New York, N.Y. 10017 A real gold mine. Finally, a directorybibliography-index to publications, products and organizations dealing only with alternatives to conventional fossil fuel and atomic power; for those who have gotten past solar, wind and bioconversion basics and need help keeping up with the latest developments. Also covers geothermal, steam power, heat pipes, heat pumps, hydrogen, electric vehicles, fuel cells, direct energy conversion, waterpower, tidal power, energy storage. Better, more concise services. (How about a monthly or quarterly, Jeff?) much cheaper than conventional systems." (From AERO) . Wooden Windmill Blades $25 to $60 from: Thomas R. Conlon Aero Power Research Co. P.O. Box 2001 Burlingame, Ca. 94010 Straight, vertical-grained, kiln-dried Douglas fir or aircraft quality Sitka spruce blades of 5', 7'6" or 10' diameter. Supplied with complete balancing, finishing and mounting instructions and with complete plans for an economical wind generator. A Cost Comparison Between Large Scale Wind Electric Systems and Existing Generation Systems. Available from: Energy Center, OMSI 4015 S.W. Canyon Rd. Portland, Or. 97221 Statement presented to local FEA Project Independence hearings in Portland by Lee Johnson. Revised April1975. Staff Report on Wind Power, Sept. 1973. Free from: Bureau of Power Federal Power Commission Washington, D.C. 20426 Introductory pamphlet on windpower feasibility, with emphasis on SmithPutnam scale windmills connected to utility grids. Simplified Windpower Systems for Experimenters. 1975, by Jack Park. $6.00 from: Helion Box 4301 Sylmar, Ca. 91342 From basics to exotica gently yet completely in workbook format with example problems next to clear drawings and graphs. Angle of attack; relative wind, blade layout, aspect ratio ... all that will be clear enough to you when you're done reading that you'll be able to critique the plans you bought or design-it-yourself. Excellent for vocational and community college libraries. continued on page 8
Page 8 ENERGY continued from page 7 Structural Analysis of Wind Turbine Rotors for NSF-NASA Mod-O Wind Power Systems, by David Shea for NASA Lewis Research Center. $3.75, NASA TM-X-3198 from: N.T.I.S. Springfield, Va. 22151 . Presents preliminary estimates of v1bratory loads and stresses in hingeless and teetering rotors for proposed 100-kw wind power system. Report gives stresses in the shank areas of the 19 meter blades for static, rated and overload conditions. Power from the Wind, 1948, 1974, by Palmer C. Putnam. $9.95 hardbound from: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. Litton Educational Publishing 450 W. 33rd St. New York, N.Y. 10001 In 1941 a large 17 5 -foot diameter, twobladed wind turbine was designed, fabricated and erected on Grandpa's Knob, a 2000' high mountain near Rutland, Vermont. Called the Smith-Putnam, it produced electricity for the Central Vermont Public Service Company's network at a cost close to that of today's nuclear/fission power plants. Putnam, an engineer and consultant to the U.S. government on renewable energy sources, describes the experiment from start to finish, in what is now the definitive and classic work on the planning and design of megawatt wind-electric systems. There stand today mighty wind mills, built because of this book, that are models of what we ourselves could do as individuals, if we wished. To be read with Prof. E. Wendell Hewson's The Windpower Potential in Selected Areas of Oregon (free, Atmospheric Sciences Dept. OSU, Corvallis, Or. 973 31). A Nation of Energy Efficient Buildings by 1990. Free from: The American Institute of Architects 1735 New York Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006 In their earlier report, Energy and the Built Environment: A Gap in Current Strategies, the AlA concluded, "We are now investing vast quantities of increasingly scarce capital resources in strategies which have less potential, less certainty and longer-delayed payoffs than an alternative strategy emphasizing a national program for energy efficient buildings." This new report shows how such a program can be economically, financially and administratively feasible, and presents recommendations for immediate action. Ask for a publications list. The state of Oregon has been using less energy, but the costs are still rising. For example, five state buildings on the Capitol Mall-the Capitol Building, Public Service Building, State Library, Labor and Industries Building and Highway Buildingused a total of 1,016,000 kilowatt hours during February 1975, a 20 percent drop. However, the state's power bill for the five buildings was $7,620 in February 1973, and $8,976 in February 1975, despite the smaller amount of power used. New Alchemy West P.O. Box 376 Pescadero, Ca. 94060 Most recent of their newsletters, Methane Digesters for Fuel Gas and Fertilizers, $3.00. Put together by L. john Fry, Richard, Yedida Merrill. Covers background, history, as well as instructional material. Extensive bibliography. Good for both introduction to methane production and for those doing it. Environmentally Appropriate Technology: Developing Technologies for a Conserver Society in Canada. March 1975, by Bruce McCallum Advanced Concepts Centre Office of the Science Advisor Environment Canada Ottawa, Canada K1A 043 91-page primer for government policymakers on how a new school thought evolved from the environmental movement, the back to the land movement and biotechnics (life supporting technology); how renewable energy sources were re-discovered and how they can be put to best use in architecture, agriculture, transportation. Biomass energy, sailing ships, housing design, flywheel energy storage, clivus multrum, telecommunications, Darrieus windrotors, heat pumps, all the options in the transition to a future conservationoriented society. Bibliography. Energy, Vol. I: Demands, Resources, Impact, Technology and Policy. 1974, by S.S. Penner and L. Icerman. $8.50 ppbk from: Addison Wesley Publishing Advanced Book Program Reading, Mass. 01867 Careful, comprehensive assessment of energy economics, the first of a threevolume set of lecture notes. Investment and electricity costs, utilization efficiencies, waste recovery, past societal costs of coal-generated electricity; college level material. Solar Energy Newsletters Solar News & Views, monthly International Solar Energy Society News (ISES), quarterly Solar Energy journal, quarterly $20 per year for all three from: Dr. W .H. Klein, Secy-Treas ISES, American Section . Smithsonian Radiation Biology Lab 12441 Parklawn Drive Rockville, Md. 20852 $20 yearly membership dues in ISES brings the American section newsletter, with 8 pages on U.S. local chapter activities, conferences, educational seminars, expositions, book reviews; the 8-page ISES News with international coverage, solar energy history; and the journal with in-depth technical and academic studies by solar scientists, engineers, architects, inventors and economists the world around. A very good deal but please be patient. Membership has recently gone through the top of the charts. These are the people who can tell you how to organize a local chapter in your town. The American section is now compiling a directory listing members and their solar energy interests. Solar Energy Digest, by William B. Edmondson. $27.50 per year, monthly, from: Lillian B. Edmondson, Circulation Manager S.E.D. P.O. Box 17776 San Diego, Ca. 92117 (714) 277-2980 The first and most widely read, started by the Edmondsons before the sun looked better as a result of energy crisis rising prices. Emphasis on all solar techniques, including wind and biomass conversion; covers only the most important legislation on all levels. Attention devoted to hand tools and reference books for the backyard "do-it-yourselfer" is unique and extremely useful. Especially recommended for high school libraries, vocational and community colleges. Ask for flyer on patented SOLARSAN collector invented by Mr. Edmond~on. Advanced Solar Energy Technology Newsletter. $60 per year, monthly, from: Carl M. Langdon, editor-publisher A.S.E.T. Newsletter 1609 W. Windrose Phoenix, Az. 85029
Emphasis on hi-tech developments in solar flat-plate collectors, solar thermal electric power plants, solar test facilities, storage, NSF-NASA level of applied technology. Covers important legislation, conferences. Succinct, very readlble. Solar Energy Intelligence Repon. $75 per year, twice monthly, from: Business Publishers P.O. Box 1067 Silver Spring, Md. 20910 (301) 587-6300 Covers significant developments and issues involving solar energy of all types ... heating and cooling, wind energy, bioconversion to fuels, solar thermalelectric, photovoltaic, and ocean thermal conversion. Includes information on federal, state and local legislation, new technologies, publications, contracts and grants, marketing opportunities. Averages 8 pages. Excellent conference calendar. Name, address and phone contacts for further information. Ask about Energy Resources Report. Solar Energy Washington Letter. $75 per year, alternate Mondays, from: 1001 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 393-1000 Emphasis on federal legislation, grants, solar politics. Lists contacts for further information, solar seminars. Usually 4 pages long. Companion newsletter, Solar Energy Industry Report, covers corporate activities, new technology and marketing opportunities. Senator Mike Gravel's Energy Newsletter. Donation, bi-monthly or monthly, from: Energy Newsletter Sen.·Mike Gravel 4107 Russell Senate Office Bldg. Washington, D.C. 20510 (202) 224-6665 An early solar, wind and methane spokesman. 4 pages with emphasis on all types of solar energy as safe alternatives to nuclear power waste storage and sabotage dangers, usually criticizing the billions spent subsidizing atomic energy to the detriment of solar development and implementation. "ERDA is budgeted to spend only $60 million (the cost of 1 medium-sized oil tanker) on solar in 1976 versus 14 times that, or $840 million, for nuclear power." Sen. Gravel will help you 1) start an anti-nuclear club in your town, 2) back initiative drives, like the successful one in California, to require nuclear power plants to meet safety standards before construction, 3) supply you with Clean Energy petitions, 4) help you work for nuclear moratorium legislation. Energy Center Page 9 Biomass Energy Institute Newsletter $5 per year, quarterly, from: Biomass Energy lost. 304-870 Cambridge St. Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3M 3H5 (204) 284-0472 Annual dues includes 4-page newsletter emphasizing biomass (bioconversion) energy conversion to fuel, anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes to methane gas and fertilizer. Canadian Solar Energy Society Newsletter. $5 per year, from: William A. Reid, Publications Ed. Solar Energy Society of Canada P.O. Box 1353 Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R3C 2Z1 An~mal dues includes 4 page newsletter, wh1ch covers solar activities in Canada including direct solar, wind and bio- ' mass energy. New England Solar Energy Association Newsletter. $5 per year; from: John T. Schnebly, Jr., Acting Coord. NESEA P.O. Box 121 Townshend, Vt. 05353 (802) 365-4084 Annual dues includes 8-page newsletter. The OMSI Energy Center responds to twenty to forty requests weekly from people who are interested in building or learning about alternative energy systems. The requests are extremely varied. Students or teachers may want better to understand "alternative energy sources;" an engineer may be considering manufacturing solar heating system components; or a homesteader with a small family may be trying to decide whether she can build her own wind or solar heating system. These requests are gratifying. They assure us that there is a market for our services; however, many of them send us scurrying about for information because we're not well supplied with complete files or sufficient knowledge yet. • Mary Lawrence has assumed responsibility for the Energy Center's library, files and information requests. While trying to keep up with requests, we're also working toward more systematic operating procedures for the future. We're cataloging our books and ordering new ones; we're rearranging files; and we're continuing and improving a periodical abstract service. Beginning September 1, 1975, the Junior League of Portland will support the OMSI Energy Center both financially and with volunteers. $19,500 has been granted to be used over a three-year period. joan Smith of the junior League will chair the project. junior League volunteers will lead tours, teach classes, answer telephone questions, and add information to the files. 1 oan and two other Junior League members will begin planning with the staff this spring for their fall involvement. We're reassigned some staff responsibilities and located some new staff members and volunteers. • Lee johnson, in addition to working on RAIN, is our consultant and the source of much of our information. • Francis Rohrbaugh, volunteer, reads numerous periodicals weekly and abstracts the energy articles for an information file on current literature. • joan Smith chairs the junior League Energy Center project. She'll plan with the staff the training for junior League volunteers and will coordinate their activities beginning this fall. • Walt Cundiff will begin july 1 to plan classes and tours for OMSI visitors. Walt currently teaches environmental science to junior high students in the Beaverton District. He'll be on one year's leave of absence from the district next year. • Temple Larrabee, aeronautical engineer, teaches alternative energy classes. • Shabtay Levy, OMSI exhibits designer, is planning Energy Center exhibits. • Richard Siewert assists Shabtay in planning and building the exhibits. • Linda Craig of the OMSI education staff plans the programs of the Energy Center, is responsible for the budget, and sets Energy Center policies. The Energy Center invites questions, comments, and suggestions for needed services. We'd also appreciate your letting us know of work you have done or sources of information you find especially valuable, including books, periodicals, articles, · and films. Write OMSI Energy Center qr call 503/248-5920.
Page 10 ~UTURES First International Syncon Committee for the Future 2325 Porter St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20008 (202) 966-8776 ) For Oct. 22-26, 1975. Cape Canaveral, Fla. An officially recognized project of the American Revolution Bicentennial Administration, to bring together approximately 600 people representing a cross section of the world to explore constructive opportunities for humanity. .) c.-"- 'l._~i""- ' Mineral Resources and the Environment National Research Council National Academy of the Sciences 2101 Constitution Ave. Washington, D.C. 20418 This 348-page report comes up with some estimates of America's energy resources that undercut estimates made previously by the Dept. of the Interior. Including the estimate that the U.S. would run out of oil and natural gas (assuming the consumption remains the same) in 25 years and not the 40 to 60 years forecast by the government. The Futures Book Whole Futures Catalog Earthrise Box 120, Annex Station Providence, R.I. 02901 In preparation stage. A guide to futures research and study: curricula, futures design, organizations, tools and forecasting techniques, bibliographies. (Hoping for a preliminary document in time for the June 2-5 World Future Society assembly. @ovERNMENT ) The Washington State Office of Community Development has assigned an Energy Affairs Assistant (EAA) to each Community Action Agency in the 13 counties of the state. Their job is to do a state-wide inventory of home winterization (i.e., getting ready for cold weather) needs of low-income, fixed income, senior citizens and handicapped persons, and then, with the State Office of Energy Management, provide services and technical assistance to those who need help staying warm, saving energy and saving money. This yearlong program is presently funded by Washington State at $172,000 in anticipation of federal funding to the $100, 000 level through the Community Services Administration-OEO (Region X). The following is a list of EAAs and CAAs in each county. Ask about their booklets on home energy conservation. Aluster "Les" jackson Blue Mountain in Action Council, Inc. 19 East Poplar Walla Walla, Wn. 99362 (509) 529-4980 Benton/Franklin Community Council P.O. Box 2280 Pasco, Wn. 99301 (509) 547-()777 Larry Knight Chelan/Douglas Community Action Council, Inc. 620 Lewis Street Wenatchee, Wn. 98801 (509) 662-6156 Lloyd johnson Clallam/jefferson County Community Action Council, Inc. P.O. Box 553 Port Townsend, Wn. 98368 (206) 385-()776 AI Rose Grays Harbor Community Action Council, Inc. P.O. Box 187 Aberdeen, Wn. 98520 (206) 533-5100 Gregory j. Higgins Grant County Community Action Council, Inc. 60BA East Third Ave. Moses Lake, Wn. 98837 (509) 765-9206 or 754-4052 P.O. Box 777 Soap Lake, Wn. 98851 (office address) Robert McCormick Kittitas County Action Council, Inc. Box 462 Ellensburg, Wn. 98926 (509) 925-1448 Michael West Lower Columbia Community Action Council, Inc. 1208 Broadway Longview, Wn. 98632 (206) 425-3430 Clint Lougheed Mason/Thurston Community Action Council 202 Capital Theater Building Olympia, Wn. 98501 (206) 943-7617 Bill Ringrose Okanogan County Community Action Council, Inc. Box 1067 McM:mus Building Okanogan, Wn. 98840 Edward Miers North/East Washington Rural Resource Development Association 219 South Elm Colville, Wn. 99114 (509) 682-2515 jerry Purcell Community Action Council of Snohomish County, Inc. P.O. Box 1185 Everett, Wn. 98206 (206) 252-5141 Thomas Olmstead Whatcom County Opportunity Council P.O. Box 159 Bellingham, Wn. 98225 (206) 734-5121 @ROUPS/ ASSNS) Oregon Environmental Foundation P.O. Box 42113 Pordand,Or.97242 (503) 222-1963 (Carol Fletcher) OEF is the education and research arm of the Oregon Environmental Council. The foundation's goals are to emphasize and support environmental education and research that will help to conserve and protect our environment. To this end, the OEF supports such activities as publishing the handbook To Live With the Earth and the Environmental Bibliography. It also sponsored the Oregon Shores Conservation Coalition's "Coastwatch/Oregon," an educational program for Oregon estuarine and shoreline problems. It has purchased the slide/tape presentation of Limits to Growth which the foundation, with the aid of a speaker, shows to any interested group. The first annual environmental excellence award was granted to Bob and Shirley Coffin for their work in recycling. Funding has also been provided for a research study into the effectiveness and advisability of the use of the poison 1080 for predator control. OEF has sponsored other studies and activities and is always seeking more worthwhile projects to fund and support and will help others find funding if OEF can't provide the backing. Supported mostly by volunteers OEF is looking for others to help. (Gay Bower) (NFORMATION ) Ecotopia, by Ernest Callenbach. $2.75 ($7.95 hardbound) from: Banyan Tree Books 1517 Francisco St. Berkeley, Ca. 94703 This not-so-fictional vision of an ecologically sane future perfectly complements Sharing Smaller Pies (Rain 7). In 1999, newspaper columnist Will Weston is granted permission to visit and report on life in Ecotopia, the states of Washington, Oregon and Northern California, which became independent in 1980. We read his personal diary interspersed with articles on what he finds . .. ritual war games, community ownership and production in factories and farms, dependence on solar and solar-based energy systems, total recycling, an attention to trees and reforestation which borders on tree worship. Highly recommended. continued on page 11
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